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Kyrides' seal | Opinion | Chemistry World


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Lucas Kyrides (1884–1978) had Greek parents, grew up in Turkey and spent his career in the US
Identity is a slippery idea that has grown in importance as the siren call of nationalism has been sounded in country after country. Such appeals leave immigrants with a deep sense of unease. The call’s very purpose is to exclude them from a sense of belonging in the country that they live in by choice, rather than by the accident of birth. As the story of an immigrant chemist illustrates, this exclusion is a mistake.
Loukas Kyriakides was born to ethnic Greek parents in Bursa, Turkey in 1884. He was the fifth of seven children and studied at an American missionary school, Anatolia College, in Marsovan (today Merzifon). The school attracted students from far and wide; there were many ethnic Armenian children and teachers. Ambitious and confident, he graduated top of his class in 1902 and convinced his parents to let him emigrate to America. He lande ....

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Helen Murray Free obituary


Last modified on Fri 4 Jun 2021 06.58 EDT
In the 1950s the US chemist Helen Murray Free, who has died aged 98, was responsible for developing glucose dipsticks. Their use led to much simpler medical screening methods that are still widely used today for pregnancy tests, the diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes, and to detect and monitor a range of kidney, liver and metabolic disorders and other medical conditions.
Before then, without central testing laboratories, if a patient needed to be tested for diabetes the analysis work was done in the doctor’s office: mixing urine with chemicals such as copper sulphate, heating it over a Bunsen burner and looking for a red-orange precipitate indicating sugar. It was time-consuming, restricting the number of tests a doctor carried out, and inconclusive, as it did not differentiate between glucose (indicating diabetes) and other sugars. ....

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Helen Murray Free, developed with her husband the first dip-and-read diagnostic test for diabetes – obituary


Helen Murray Free with her husband and scientific collaborator Alfred in 1955
Credit: BAYER 
Helen Murray Free, who has died aged 98, was the co-developer, with her husband Alfred Free, of Clinistix, the first dip-and-read diagnostic test for diabetes and for monitoring glucose levels in urine, an achievement that revolutionised diagnostic testing.
Before the introduction of Clinistix in 1956, laboratory technicians tested for diabetes by adding a reagent to urine in a test tube and then heating the mixture over a Bunsen burner, a process that was not only cumbersome but also imprecise because it could not distinguish glucose from other sugars.
Working at Miles Laboratories in Indiana, the Frees worked out how to impregnate thin strips of filter paper with chemicals that changed colour based on the concentration of glucose present in the urine, the intensity of the resulting blue-green depending on the amount of peroxide, and hence, glucose, in the sample. ....

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