John J. Mearsheimer draws attention to a significant document filed by South Africa with the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on December 29, 2023. The 84-page application accuses Israel of committing genocide against Palestinians in Gaza, detailing actions since the war's onset in October 2023. The document comprises three key components: a description of the IDF's horrors, evidence indicating genocidal intent among Israeli leaders, and contextualizing the Gaza war within a historical framework of prolonged mistreatment. Mearsheimer argues that the application consolidates previously reported facts, offering a comprehensive overview of Israeli actions. He critiques Israel's dismissal of the charges as a "blood libel" and questions its ability to defend itself rationally. Mearsheimer also discusses the distinction between genocide and other crimes, implicating the Biden administration in Israel's actions and expressing disbelief at Israel facing a genocide charge. He concludes by highlighting the limited power of international courts and criticizing the silence of liberal democracies on Israel's alleged genocide.