will be produced in germany in the long run is uncertain. and intervening in supply chains will come cheap for taxpayers. the government is handing out high subsidies to encourage more expensive production in germany as opposed to cheap production in asia. is it a viable way to turn back the tide of globalization. either way the issue is a big concern for many. even before the pandemic there was criticism of globalized production and its consequences. the fridays for future movement has long protested unsustainable consumption and dependence on international manufacturing. climate protests and criticism of globalization go hand in hand. that's why demonstrations like this don't just attract environmental activists the corona crisis was a call to arms for those already critical of globalization. the activist network attack has been protests. in the excesses of global markets for years we've. seen activist and trade expert hold on suze sees the pandemic as an opportunity for change i'm stuck thena mention comets are in decline i think lots of people have started to think more about the corona crisis and they're becoming more aware of how everything is connected we've got other things i'm hanged and that could still be shown there's an awareness that we can't just leave certain things to the markets just couldn't we haven't had to macas markets aren't in a position to react appropriately and get me arrested today i can. only rich countries are able to support companies and people through the crisis. the coronavirus has exposed how vulnerable globalization has made the world's economy and its people. and i. believe in the new and always seeing the end of globalization what is you'll remember as an $11.00 seed and we have to find the lesson in all of this difficult and what does it mean that the supply chains aren't working out for 2 and 3 like it's a design flaw fewer and simple to listen to i think we have over globalization in certain areas if we really need to think about what sorts of international trade makes sense it's not as if we're saying there shouldn't be any more global trade at all but a large portion of it just makes no sense wins in is. around 60 percent of all germans now proceed globalization is a risk while only 40 percent still see it as an opportunity and just 3 years ago it was the other way around. even so it's unclear whether scaling back world trade and globalized labor is even possible. at the munich based institute trade expert leads on the flop studies the effects and risks of globalization. he's worried about how much germany is closing itself off to the outside world in the wake of the pandemic. the differently fed us and us thought it was the actually come to get that jim many benefits a lot from globalization this did you. well that's wonderful if we decided to bring production back to germany and we to also be giving up a fair amount of prosperity we being poor are hiding in a deep globalised world we see a decline in real incomes of almost 20 percent income from the past that's a lot better as. the choice is between more supply chain security or lower costs better what if germany withdrew from globalization and do you have to go not easy on the solution to the current crisis isn't regionalizing the supply chain of diversifying it in terms of supply is what you also does highest do you want turning him on that means that companies would consciously source products from several supply as from different regions to minimize the risk of supply problems if so many. more supply is means high costs for a company so products would be more expensive yeah right so companies have to weigh up the risk of supply problems against cost minimization do you mean the. supply chains that are too long have become a risk in the pandemic but simply cutting them out is no solution. after all globalisation relies on growth without it there would be less prosperity. that's true for germany and even more so for the rest of the world. the effects of globalization are highlighted in one industry more than almost any other textiles. here the advantages and disadvantages of globalized production are plain to see. the industry has a worldwide turnover of $2.00 trillion dollars featuring mass production and low prices this berlin exhibition shows how the industry works more than any other it thrives on the international division of labor. both sold in germany have largely been produced by workers in asia thanks to their low wages fashion label spit out mountains of clothes at low prices. there are discount battles and constant new collections. the result is that a large portion of the clothes in german closets never get worn and much is thrown out. before a pair of jeans reaches a german store it has traveled halfway around the world the cotton comes from uzbekistan it's woven in india died in china and so on in bangladesh. when the pandemic arrived in germany the big clothing chains had to close for weeks they still haven't recovered from the shock. back works for the management consultancy mckinsey. he's an expert on the business of global fashion even he's never seen a slump like this. but listen i'm sick of all knowing that we're seeing a massive increase in online trade as is if used but it's very difficult to get customers back into stores in a musket. as long as they have to wear masks socially distance and disinfect their hands when they enter a store the experience isn't as fun. and fashion shopping is not just about fulfilling a need it's also entertainment that factor is missing. we expect that 20 to 30 percent of businesses won't survive this crisis in their current form. according to mckinsey fast. brands are looking to pull out of some manufacturing countries because of the crisis. bangladesh is being hit particularly hard less clothing bought in a country like germany means less work in bangladeshi factories. how dependent is bangladesh on takes tall exports massively textiles account for 84 percent of exports and 2018 that which is where this graph ends. as is not enough let's 1st glance you can see it's a success story the country has generated massive growth in the last 20 years from 2000 to 2018 textiles. and 8 fold increase in less than 20 years in. one view i'd say why is bangladesh so strongly tied to exclude it takes time to feel in victims are many developing countries textile production is the gateway to industrialized nation the. there are fewer hurdles in terms of capital and labor as opposed to other industries like say the automotive industry has to be done to slip us so essentially sewing is easier to learn. or to learn easier to build up easier to develop of course there is high dependence. if you are textiles are bought in the west production will suffer. a dash lies to the north east of india it's home to 165000000 people more than double the population of germany. in some ways globalization has been a remarkable success story here. since the 1990 s. the economy has grown continuously by between 4 and 8 percent the main factor being the textile industry. germany is the biggest buyer of the nation's cheap clothing. at factories like this one in dhaka an army of textile workers toils endlessly making products for western labels like levis marks and spencer and. millions of jobs have been created in this way. but the single export strategy is now coming back to bite bangladeshis like in germany businesses had to close because of the pandemic in global fashion companies have cancelled orders worth billions. hundreds of factories of shut down poverty now threatens tens of thousands of mainly female workers and their families. one of them is 35 year old charmaine dr money she lives in gaza poor a textile town near dhaka. she used to earn about $125.00 a month as a seamstress but sensor factory closed she no longer has a proper job. she hardly has any money to buy food for her 3 young sons. globalization didn't provide her a western standard of living. but it did at least provide financial stability until now. whatever it is that are now known to. face starvation thanks to the impact of the coronavirus it's become poorer than it before i when come was bigger i'm good. now money is being devalued i'm prices have risen it's ok for people who earn a lot of poor people like us it's made things extremely hot foot this is the reality now there's no drama or fiction and that it's just the way it is. she's had to borrow money and get a job as a cleaner. she can't pay back the debt. everything she earns goes towards food and school fees. and that's all they're going to. i have no way to survive how much of i lost my father and i have no brothers i'm alone and my children are still here without my husband married another woman and left me with the children other than if i married again would bring the stigmas and i now i have to think of the children. there's no unemployment assistance in bangladesh no welfare and no measures to keep employees on when business is slow. often factory owners don't even pay the mandatory severance pay the state can't afford to spend billions on economic stimulus so workers like monica have no choice but to show up at the factory gates and asked for a job every morning long lines of unemployed people gather their activist actor knows these problems well she began working as a seamstress in a factory when she was 12 more than 30 years later she helps textile workers assert their rights she says it's not only the government that's to blame but the brand and retainers has acted so irresponsible me like they're just running away canceling the order and pushed forward in the order they did not think about this business grow the business with no many years and also did not think about these workers who made them profit for years they just left them just in an empty hand. the geneva based united nations international labor organization the aisle is borning that the pandemic threatens the lives of millions of people in developing countries. the i o. estimates that nearly 500000000 jobs have already been lost due to the corona virus . so i'm one of the as the director of the aisle as employment policy department for him the pandemic is worsening a massive equity gap between the west and the rest of the world especially emerging and developing countries. journey for example a day the government immediate train will you know has of the dollars to support and the prizes and he too is going to work in or milling around the government and not have. so essentially the richer countries have to help the poor countries get through this pandemic this is a really difficult time for everybody but this is a really time. and we have to be merely wanted up. closer to 80 and was the hunger and also relating with the serious consequences on house so this question will survive. western countries have spent trillions propping up their economies but there's no aid for those at the other end of the supply chain. some companies however have given charitable donations to help. the h. and m. foundation for example has donated $1300000.00 to help bangladeshi textile workers through the pandemic critics say that's a drop in the bucket and mainly a p.r. exercise. in general terms companies social responsibility towards their suppliers has so far been voluntary but germany supply chain act could change that it would oblige companies to make sure their suppliers were complying with humane labor and social standards in other words ensuring fair working conditions outside germany wouldn't be charity it would be law. the most controversial proposal would hold german companies accountable for violations by suppliers or workers from developing companies could then sue in germany. is development policy spokesman for the center left social democrats the supply chain act is close to his heart. when he can identify with the if you allow production in a factory where the walls are falling apart as it was and bang. dash with the run up plaza doesn't end if that factory collapses in the months and no one can say oh what happens on the other side of the world doesn't concern i'll speak to him it's a year on from on a plaza i spoke to seamstresses who'd been left disabled they told me the evening before that they could see cracks in the wall it's good if there had been basic workers rights like a staff counsel this disaster could have been prevented on. the run applause a disaster shows what role the supply chain law could play in extreme cases in 2013 a multi-story textile factory in dhaka collapsed due to gross negligence the building was only designed to hold offices. even though it was dangerous seamstresses were coerced into working. more than 1000 died and more than 2500 were injured. it was only later that fashion labels agreed voluntarily to give compensation. with the supply chain act prevent such incidents. how much responsibility should german entrepreneurs bear. to fall on the ticklish we ask is that they go to a reasonable amount of effort to check whether the working conditions are ok the deal in on them but they should be liable for failures that are intentional or the result of gross negligence on the celt often i just get i get it so it's more about the deterrent than actually taking german companies to courts which puts on a schedule for us it's really about prevention if companies know they're also liable they'll really try to create mechanisms to prevent something like this from happening those of us on this bus yet. many corporations or at least paying lip service to the idea of taking on more global responsibility in some big players in the german market say they'll support the law like leave. chivo and nestle. many think the supply chain act would be a step in the right direction. but will it fundamentally changed. the global divide between rich and poor. mohammad yunus founded a bangladeshi bank that gives micro loans to the poor for this he was awarded the nobel peace prize and he's a tireless fighter against the injustice brought about by globalization almost selling the dissing of the population of the entire world and. they're leaving by daily or weekly in something like that there's no shortage of wealth in the world but all the wealth of the world is concerned she didn't children's exchange concern titian of wealth which is generated by the economic system is still a reason for this is happening some people would say that as long as everybody benefits it doesn't matter how big their piece the pies in comparison i don't to believe that then if you got a 1000000 i got a penny. doesn't a good thing oh absolutely so yes sitting on a ticking time bomb by creating an economy like that because when you're in a party with making money big we're enjoying ourselves but the house is burning so there's a pandemic a turning point for our current economic system when democrats see it in a situation where you can deflect because all the normal quote unquote normal duties as a stop so we have plenty of time to deflect well and then because done as. you know it gives us an opportunity. we can now build a neat train in a nutshell and if it gets knocked to the gates. but how exactly can the pandemic really make people change their way of thinking. the coronavirus has brought home how our way of life harms the environment other people and ourselves nature has had a brief respite. during the 1st shutdown in the spring air pollution dropped dramatically as satellite images show. over china for example there was only half the usual amount of nitric oxide. the smog over los angeles disappeared. in india malayan peaks could be seen on the horizon. and nitric oxide emissions fell by up to 50 percent in cities like milan madrid and paris. the western montrose of cheaper and cheaper faster and faster and more and more don't come without a price now that everyone is being forced to slow down it's dawning on many that it may not have to be that way german companies are also beginning to rethink the way they work. including insurance company. after corona hit it told almost 90 percent of its employees to work from home. the offices are still far emptier than they were before the crisis it's the same at many corporations. because of the pandemic more and more people are working from home. across germany every day office life has changed completely. that if you need a lot there aren't many employees here how many still come in common to help. them with about 25 percent are in the office the rest working from home or health and it still works and what difference will it still works excellently we have staff you come to the office and 100 percent of the time even that's not it works from home 100 percent of the time and everything in between lunch is desmond just as people want to be able to choose nobody here wants to go back to the old where the i did all that and practice and even if it one side effect is that it saves money right the student well that's right and that's not a bad thing you save on things like electricity when that and of course reducing business travel for ties and that's one thing we want to have 50 percent less travel and more digital meetings new games the yes it's definitely also a saving for the company's nationalists isn't anemia. that's how it is with many german public companies they don't want to go back to the precursor in a way of working at least not of the new way save the money. the ecological potential is also huge if just a quarter of the german workforce worked from home one more day per week it could reduce c o 2 emissions from commuting by 5 percent. 2 additional days of working from home per week would eliminate 11 percent of a missions. for allianz manager but tina ditcher this future is already a reality. since the pandemic she's essentially been managing her team from home in the morning she has breakfast with her family as normal at 7 30 am when her daughter goes to school her work day begins. her husband also works from home. she really has time for a break between constant phone calls and meetings her employees are located all over the world and the working language is english. the. zones. are used to travel frequently in europe and asia meeting colleagues in singapore or attending the munich security conference now she rarely takes business trips. even though there are advantages it took a while to get used to working from home. has gotten mended i have enough there were moments when i longed for the office and that's probably the way in every family that is weighing together so much of the homeschooling my husband and i both working and there are some stressful moments my team is global i always have someone in the world working so you're never finished with this is this what it's about how you manage yourself you can't let yourself get sucked into working 24 hours a day. between a ditch i no longer needs a business wardrobe or a desk to do her job and the executive office looks a little different these days. come under the walk so is it really possible in the long term to run an entire insurance line from the living room table through the north had to of necessity has shown us that we can and it's as i was that's actually something that makes me smile. the mist that you couldn't work from her job was that you're not productive at home it was dispelled overnight from one mom i'm not sure it's the case for everyone is for you in my think we have to accept that and let people decide for themselves help me out doesn't work even when does it work. and how just when the pasts. were also consuming differently. even beyond the initial shutdown the coronavirus has left its mark on the clothing industry. more people are buying online with stores complaining about a loss of customers. and some people are realizing that they need far fewer clothes and the items can be worn f