During the lengthy uprising in Saint-Domingue, people with wealth — both whites and free people of color — fled the island. Ten thousand of those people eventually migrated to New Orleans, doubling the city's population. These immigrants brought with them their transportable wealth: enslaved Africans. Together, these people fortified New Orleans' African-ness as well as its "Frenchness," slowing its Americanization and Anglicization for decades. The vast majority of what we regard in New Orleans as "French" is actually Haitian. We see this imprint on New Orleans in countless ways — in its food, architecture, art, celebrations, and tradition of seeking civil rights, but most notably, in the music.