The name Elizabeth Blackwell is probably familiar. Born in the UK, she was the first woman in the USA to be awarded a medical degree. In Twice as Hard: The Stories of Black Women Who Fought to Become Physicians, from the Civil War to the 21st Century, Jasmine Brown spans over 150 years to introduce nine less well known names: Black American women who became physicians. These were remarkable women. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831–95) was, in 1864, the first Black woman to earn a medical degree in the USA.