COVID-19 update The COVID-19 situation continues to evolve and is taking differing courses across the multitude of geographies in which Novartis operates. We continue to take strong actions to help address the pandemic. Our primary concerns remain the health and safety of our associates and patients. There continues to be COVID-19 related lockdowns and disruptions in several geographies negatively impacting demand, particularly: dermatology, ophthalmology, the breast cancer portfolio, Sandoz Retail and Anti-Infectives. For Sandoz, COVID-19 resulted in a historically weak cough and cold season and softened retail demand. At present, drug development operations are continuing with manageable disruptions (see the Innovation Review Section of the Condensed Interim Financial Report for further information), with our range of digital technologies allowing us to proactively manage our clinical trials portfolio and rapidly mitigate any disruptions. Our operations remain stable and cash collections continue to be according to our normal trade terms, with days sales outstanding at normal levels. Novartis remains well positioned to meet its ongoing financial obligations and has sufficient liquidity to support normal business activities.