scotland. what lu be watching for, michael? how will you judge the success or failure of this hugely important climate summit? >> thanks, wolf. it's good to be with you. i'm actually somewhat optimistic. you know, what would success mean at cop26? flds it would mean a number of things. all of the major polluters exit to the sorts of reductions that we know we have to see if we're going to avert catastrophic warming of the planet. that's a roughly 50% reduction in carbon emissions within the next ten years. part of the some people are concerned at this point is that there is what we call an implementation gap, there's a gap between the words that politicians are using that world leaders are using, the commits they're making and the actual facts on the ground, whether they're doing anything to meet those commitments. here in the united states, for example, while the biden administration has committed to lowering carbon emissions by