however based on the transcripts released of those calls in april and july, president trump never mentioned these points of corruption. he actually never mentioned the word "corruption." does is that go to any of those factors? is that significant? >> yes. it goes to the one about procedure irregularities and said that you look at the kind of things that led up to the decision that you're trying to figure out somebody's motive about. >> so let's try another one. ambassador volker testified that the president never expressed any concerns to him about corruption in any country other than ukraine. would that be relevant to your assessment? >> yes, it would. it goes to the factor about substantive departures. >> and professor karlan there is, in fact, and my colleague mr. mcclinton mentioned this, a process lined out to assess whether countries that are receiving military aid have done enough to fight corruption. in may of 2019 my republican