be significant part of the president's upcoming trip to europe. both, at the g7 and then, in that one-on-one summit with vladimir putin. now, of course, this is a global threat. the u.s. needs help from allies tracking down, taking down, these ransomware attackers. and that's also something they have communicated to moscow. that russia has to stop harboring these cybercriminals. so far, jake, with little luck. >> alex marquardt, thanks so much. joining us now to discuss, former director of national intelligence under president obama, james clapper. general clapper, thanks for joining us. so the fbi director is comparing this challenge to 9/11. after 9/11, we saw airport security change dramatically. shoes had to be removed. liquids banned. enhanced patdowns, all sort of stuff like that. should we expect similar, dramatic changes when it comes to cybersecurity? >> well, perhaps, in analogous cybercontext, yes. i think the problem here is this -- this problem has more