monoclonal antibody treatment. the state opened its 21st site for that treatment today. is that an effective option to help get covid numbers down? >> you know, so monoclonal antibodies do work but what i always remind people is that these are synthetic, expensive, and short-term antibodies. there is a way to get natural long-term antibodies for free and that's called vaccines. we can't scale up monoclonal antibodies for millions of people. we just can't. we don't have enough of it so much, much easier to go with vaccines but as a saving grace for a small number of people, yeah, it can be helpful. >> italy is reissuing an outdoor mask mandate in sicily because of the delta variant. here in the u.s., starting today, oregon's new outdoor mask mandate goes into effect. are outdoor mask mandates necessary? >> you know, i haven't seen any data, jake, that we need outdoor mask mandates because i haven't seen any data that, outdoors, the virus is spreading with any level of efficiency.