direct conversations with heads of state, the president of guatemala and the president president of mexico, which i have had now in the last 24 hours, to have a one-on-one conversation, to eyeball each other and say, look, let's speak honestly, let's speak candidly about the interconnection, the interdependency, and also the responsibility we have to address these issues. but you can't say you care about the border without caring about the root causes, without carrying about the acute causes when include the fact that you're looking at populations particularly from central america who are plagued by hunger and the devastations caused by the hurricanes and of course the pandemic. so let's approach this in a way that acknowledges there are many factors. and as with any intractable issue, we cannot be simplistic and assume that there is only one element or way of approaching the overall problem. if this were easy, it would have been handled a long time ago.