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Parvovirus –B19 is an erythrotropic virus that selectively targets human red blood cells and their precursors. 29 In patients with SCD, this can lead to life-threatening anemia due to abrupt cessation of erythropoiesis. Features are new or worsening signs of anemia, with an acute drop in hemoglobin and reticulocytopenia in the absence of blood loss or sequestration. Urgent recognition and transfusion are necessary to prevent circulatory failure and death. Splenic Complications Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides and Salmonella species, leaving patients prone to life-threatening infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis and sepsis. As a result, all febrile illnesses are considered medical emergencies until proven otherwise in infants and under-immunized children. Routine childhood vaccines are monitored and usually administered through primary care providers, with the addition of extended pneumococcal and meningococcal vaccines as standard of care. The initiation of prophylactic antibiotics in early infancy has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality historically associated with these infections.
2Programa de Salud Familiar Comunitaria e Intercultural, Ministerio de Salud Bolivia, La Paz, Bolivia 3Hydrosciences Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Montpellier, France 4Genetics Institute, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia Indigenous people living in the Bolivian Andes are exposed through their drinking water to inorganic arsenic, a potent carcinogen. However, the health consequences of arsenic exposure in this region are unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between arsenic exposure and changes in cancer-related proteins in indigenous women ( n = 176) from communities around the Andean Lake Poopó, Bolivia. Arsenic exposure was assessed in whole blood (B-As) and urine (as the sum of arsenic metabolites, U-As) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cancer-related proteins (