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Stoichiometric balance ratio of cellobiose and gentiobiose induces cellulase production in Talaromyces cellulolyticus | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

The exact mechanism by which fungal strains sense insoluble cellulose is unknown, but research points to the importance of transglycosylation products generated by fungi during cellulose breakdown. Here, we used multi-omics approach to identify the transglycosylation metabolites and determine their function in cellulase induction in a model strain, Talaromyces cellulolyticus MTCC25456. Talaromyces sp. is a novel hypercellulolytic fungal strain. Based on genome scrutiny and biochemical analysis, we predicted the presence of cellulases on the surface of its spores. We performed metabolome analysis to show that these membrane-bound cellulases act on polysaccharides to form a mixture of disaccharides and their transglycosylated derivatives. Inevitably, a high correlation existed between metabolite data and the KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes in the carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Analysis of the contribution of the transglycosylation product mixtures to cellulase ....

Additional File , Microbial Type Culture Collection , Illumina Hiseq ,

Characterization of two 1,3-β-glucan-modifying enzymes from Penicillium sumatraense reveals new insights into 1,3-β-glucan metabolism of fungal saprotrophs | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

1,3-β-glucan is a polysaccharide widely distributed in the cell wall of several phylogenetically distant organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, plants and microalgae. The presence of highly active 1,3-β-glucanases in fungi evokes the biological question on how these organisms can efficiently metabolize exogenous sources of 1,3-β-glucan without incurring in autolysis. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms at the basis of 1,3-β-glucan metabolism in fungal saprotrophs, the putative exo-1,3-β-glucanase G9376 and a truncated form of the putative glucan endo-1,3-β-glucosidase (ΔG7048) from Penicillium sumatraense AQ67100 were heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris and characterized both in terms of activity and structure. G9376 efficiently converted laminarin and 1,3-β-glucan oligomers into glucose by acting as an exo-glycosidase, whereas G7048 displayed a 1,3-β-transglucanase/branching activity toward 1,3-β-glucan oligomers with a degree o ....

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U.S. medical organizations and climate change advocacy: a review of public facing websites | BMC Public Health

Climate change poses a risk of health catastrophes and must be expeditiously addressed across the health care sector. Physicians are considered trustworthy and are well positioned to discuss climate change with patients. A unified strategy by all U.S. medical societies is essential to effectively mitigate their carbon footprint and address health concerns. We conducted a review of the public facing websites of member organizations of the AMA House of Delegates and the AMA, which were scored based on inclusion of content related to climate change in position statements or policies, task forces or committees, patient education materials, practice recommendations and any official society publications. Membership in the Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health or participation in the organization My Green Doctor were recorded as indicators of a commitment to providing educational resources about mitigation and adaptation to climate change. The availability of a vi ....

Health Alliance , Society Consortium On Climate , Planetary Health Alliance , Additional File , Practice Greenhealth , Medical Society Consortium , Green Doctor ,

A multi-country, prospective cohort study to measure rate and risk of relapse among children recovered from severe acute malnutrition in Mali, Somalia, and South Sudan: a study protocol | BMC Nutrition

The Community-Based Management of Acute Malnutrition (CMAM) model transformed the treatment of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by shifting treatment from inpatient facilities to the community. Evidence shows that while CMAM programs are effective in the initial recovery from SAM, recovery is not sustained for some children requiring them to receive treatment repeatedly. This indicates a potential gap in the model, yet little evidence is available on the incidence of relapse, the determinants of the phenomena, or its financial implications on program delivery. This study is a multi-country prospective cohort study following “post-SAM” children (defined as children following anthropometric recovery from SAM through treatment in CMAM) and matched community controls (defined as children not previously experiencing acute malnutrition (AM)) monthly for six months. The aim is to assess the burden and determinants of relapse to SAM. This study design enables the quantification of r ....

South Sudan , Wilayat Shimal Bahr Al Ghazal , United States , Democratic Republic Of The Congo , Bahr El Ghazal , Wilayat Gharb Bahr Al Ghazal , Ministry Of Health , Banadir Region , Integrated Food Security Phase Classification , Action Against Hunger , East County , Aweil East , Action Against , Household Hunger Scale , Additional File , Open Data Kit , Microsoft Access , Taqman Array Card , Supplementary Table , Supplementary Tables , Democratic Republic , Stata Version , College Station , Growth Standards ,

In silico-guided metabolic engineering of Bacillus subtilis for efficient biosynthesis of purine nucleosides by blocking the key backflow nodes | Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts

Purine nucleosides play essential roles in cellular physiological processes and have a wide range of applications in the fields of antitumor/antiviral drugs and food. However, microbial overproduction of purine nucleosides by de novo metabolic engineering remains a great challenge due to their strict and complex regulatory machinery involved in biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we designed an in silico-guided strategy for overproducing purine nucleosides based on a genome-scale metabolic network model in Bacillus subtilis. The metabolic flux was analyzed to predict two key backflow nodes, Drm (purine nucleotides toward PPP) and YwjH (PPP–EMP), to resolve the competitive relationship between biomass and purine nucleotide synthesis. In terms of the purine synthesis pathway, the first backflow node Drm was inactivated to block the degradation of purine nucleotides, which greatly increased the inosine production to 13.98–14.47 g/L without affecting cell growth. Fur ....

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