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Scientists at the University of Oxford, U.K., use a precise new surface plasmon resonance method to measure very low affinities of T cell receptor binding to self and non-self peptides presented on MHC to show that TCRs are not prefect in their ability to distinguish between healthy and infected cells, as was earlier believed. These new results open new possibilities for treating autoimmune diseases and cancer.
E-Mail When it comes to distinguishing a healthy cell from an infected one that needs to be destroyed, the immune system's killer T cells sometimes make mistakes. This discovery, described today in eLife, upends a long-held belief among scientists that T cells were nearly perfect at discriminating friend from foe. The results may point to new ways to treat autoimmune diseases that cause the immune system to attack the body, or lead to improvements in cutting-edge cancer treatments. It is widely believed that T cells can discriminate perfectly between infected cells and healthy ones based o...
E-Mail Clinicians and scientists have long observed that cells in overstressed hearts have high levels of the simple sugar O-GlcNAc modifying thousands of proteins within cells. Now, researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have found evidence in mouse experiments that these excess sugars could well be a cause, not merely a consequence or marker of heart failure. Their research found that elevated levels of O-GlcNAc made mice more prone to heart failure, but lowering levels of O-GlcNAc restored the animals' risk of death and heart function to normal. Together, the investigators say, the new fi...