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Hyperparasitism on plant-parasitic fungi is a widespread but rarely studied phenomenon. Here, for the first time, we compile in a checklist information provided by peer-reviewed literature for fungi growing on colonies of black mildews (Meliolales, Ascomycota), a species-rich group of tropical and subtropical plant-parasitic microfungi. The checklist contains information on 189 species of contact-biotrophic microfungi in 82 genera. They belong to seven morphological groups: dematiaceous hyphomycetes, moniliaceous hyphomycetes, pycnidioid, perithecioid, catathecioid, and apothecioid fungi. By t...

India suffered from a devastating 2021 spring outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), surpassing any other outbreaks before. However, the reason for the acceleration of the outbreak in India is still unknown. We describe the statistical characteristics of infected patients from the first case in India to June 2021, and trace the causes of the two outbreaks in a complete way, combined with data on natural disasters, environmental pollution and population movements etc. We found that water-to-human transmission accelerates COVID-19 spreading. The transmission rate is 382% higher than th...

Since recent climate change has caused more natural disasters than ever before, there is a worldwide concern that this could have both short-term and long-term economic and health consequences. Perhaps, this is the first attempt to explores the effects of natural capital and natural disasters on the human health & wellbeing of China over the period 1993–2020. The study has compiled data from World Bank, World Value Survey, UNDP, EM-DAT, and IMF for analysis. The empirical analysis is done by using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. Empirical results prove that natural capit...

Background Currently, disease control in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma is not optimistic. Competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks have been found to play a key role in asthma in recent years. However, it is unclear whether ceRNA networks play an important part in severe eosinophilic asthma. Methods Firstly, gene expression profiles related to severe eosinophilic asthma were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Secondly, the key modules were identified by the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). Thirdly, genes in modules highly associated wit...

Large data sets comprising diagnoses about chronic conditions are becoming increasingly available for research purposes. In Germany, it is planned that aggregated claims data including medical diagnoses from the statutory health insurance with roughly 70 million insurants will be published on a regular basis. Validity of the diagnoses in such big data sets can hardly be assessed. In case the data set comprises prevalence, incidence and mortality, it is possible to estimate the proportion of false positive diagnoses using mathematical relations from the illness-death model. We apply the method ...