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The dramatic increase of emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) by humans over the past century and a half has created an urgency for monitoring, reporting, and verifying GHG emissions as a first step towards mitigating the effects of climate change. Fifteen percent of global GHG emissions come from agriculture, and companies in the food and beverage industry are starting to set climate goals. We examined the GHG emissions reporting practices and climate goals of the top 100 global food and beverage companies and determined whether their goals are aligned with the science of keeping climate warming w...

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH) is a rare multisystemic inflammatory autoimmune disorder. Glaucoma secondary to VKH frequently occurs during the recurrent phase of anterior uveitis; however, acute angle-closure glaucoma (ACG) secondary to both VKH and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has rarely been reported. We describe a case of secondary acute ACG involving VKH, characterised by sudden vision loss, moderately elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), shallow anterior chamber, and fully or partially closed angle, in an HIV-infected patient. Both VKH and HIV infection contributed to...

It has been numerically demonstrated that the turbulence above the boundary is important to tropical cyclone intensification and rapid intensification, but the three-dimensional structures of the sub-grid-scale (SGS) eddy have not been revealed due to the lack of observational data. In this study, two numerical simulations of Super Typhoon Rammasun (2014) were conducted with the Advanced Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model by incorporating the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, in which the enhanced eyewall convection and the process of rapid intensification are captured. Consistent ...

The Atacama Desert is by far the driest and oldest desert on Earth, showing a unique combination of environmental extremes (extreme dryness, the highest UV radiation levels on Earth and highly saline and oxidizing soils), explaining why the Atacama has been largely investigated as a Mars analog model for almost twenty years. Based on the source and the amount of water available for life and its analogy with Mars, two ecosystems are of interest in the Atacama; its Coastal Range and the much drier hyperarid core, which we here review in detail. Members of the three domains of life have been foun...

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has experienced a clinical revolution thanks to the discovery of crucial pathogenetic mechanisms. CLL is still an incurable disease due to intrinsic or acquired resistance of the leukemic clone. Venetoclax is a Bcl-2 inhibitor with a marked activity in CLL, but emerging patterns of resistance are being described. We hypothesize that intrinsic features of CLL cells may contribute to drive mechanisms of resistance to venetoclax. We analyzed the expression of IRF4, Notch2 and Mcl-1 in a cohort of CLL patients. We evaluated CLL cells viability after genetic and p...