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Frontiers | Toward Understanding El Niño Southern-Oscillation's Spatiotemporal Pattern Diversity

The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon, manifested by the great swings of large-scale sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the equatorial central to eastern Pacific oceans, is a major source of interannual global shifts of climate patterns and weather activities. ENSO's SST anomalies exhibit remarkable spatiotemporal pattern diversity (STPD), with their spatial pattern diversity dominated by Central Pacific (CP) and Eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño events and their temporal diversity marked by different timescales and intermittency in these types of events. By affecting various Earth system components, ENSO and its STPD yield significant environmental, ecological, economic, and societal impacts over the globe. The basic dynamics of ENSO as a canonical oscillator generated by coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions in the tropical Pacific have been largely understood. A minimal simple conceptual model such as the recharge oscillator paradigm provides means fo ....

University Of Hawaii At Manoa , United States , Andrew Wittenberg , Pacific Zhao , Pacific Wang , Jerome Vialard , El Nino , W Cai Hoboken , Sen Zhao , Pacific Ocean , Licheng Geng , Pacific Panel , Iv International Conference On El Ni , R Hagedorn Cambridge University , Preprint Research Square , Us Department Of Energy , American Geophysical Union Monograph Series , Climate American Geophysical Union , Us National Science Foundation , Madden Julian Oscillation , Westerly Wind Bursts , Tropical Instability Waves , Pacific Meridional Modes , Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation , Pacific Decadal Oscillation , Potential Unifying Paradigm ,

A volcanic cruise through the Mariana Islands: Part 2

Our tour of the Marianas begins SW of Guam. In this area the volcanoes are submerged and make up a region known as the Southern Seamount Province. Our first stop is Tracey Seamount, which lies 30 km west of Guam. Tracey is a ~2 km tall cone and volume of ~45 km3 It is one of the smaller volcanoes in the Mariana arc; Pagan, contains about 2200 km3 of material (Bloomer et al., 1989). It has a sector collapse on its western flank and resembles a submarine Mt. St. Helens. ....

United States , Ed Kohut , Zealandia Bank , Esmeralda Bank , American Geophysical Union , Southern Seamount , Tracey Seamount , Crater Lake , Central Island Province , East Diamante , Maug Islands , Alamagan Islands , Submarine Mariana , Volcano Arcs , Izu Bonin Mariana Subduction , Subduction Factory , Geophysical Monograph , West Rota Volcano , Southern Mariana Arc , Island Arc ,

Frontiers | Van Allen Probes Observations of Oxygen Ions at the Geospace Plume


Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory, Westford, MA, United States
The geospace plume couples the ionosphere, plasmasphere, and magnetosphere from sub-auroral regions to the magnetopause, on polar field lines, and into the magnetotail. We describe Van Allen Probes observations of ionospheric O+ ions at altitudes of 3–6 R
E in the near vicinity of the geospace plume in the noon and post-noon sector. The temporal variation of warm ion fluxes observed as a function of time on a moving spacecraft is complicated by changing spacecraft position and complex ion drift paths and velocities that are highly sensitive to ion energy, pitch angle and L value. In the “notch” region of lower density plasma outside the morning-side plasmapause, bi-directionally field aligned fluxes of lower energy ( ....

New York , United States , El Lemdani Mazouz , Radiation Belt Storm Probes Mission , Energy Densities , University Of Minnesota , Energy Density , University Of New Hampshire , Allen Probes Observations , Van Allen Probes , Magnetic Field Instrument , Integrated Science , Allen Probes , Pitch Angle Distributions Across , Geospace Plume , Ion Acceleration , Geospace Plume Field Lines , Van Allen Probe A , Ion Cyclotron , Geospace Plume Field , New Hampshire , Med Abstract , Crossref Full Text , Plasmasphere Boundary , Warm Plasma Cloak , Driving Ionospheric Outflows ,