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Alexander the Great changed the world, and the collapse of his empire led to many new kingdoms. One such was Graeco-Bactrian Kingdom.

Who were the Andronovo? This Bronze Age culture, precursors to the Scythians, lived in possibly matriarchal societies over a vast area of the Eurasian steppe.

The farming wealth and strategic location of ancient Bactria, today’s Afghanistan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, made it valuable to all empires in the region.

A timeline of more than 40 years of war in Afghanistan Sign In The Associated Press FacebookTwitterEmail 11 1of11FILE - In this photo courtesy Ronald Reagan Library, then President Ronald Reagan meets with Afghan "freedom fighters" on Feb. 2, 1983, in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington, to discuss Soviet atrocities in Afghanistan. The former Soviet Union marched into Afghanistan on Christmas Eve, 1979, claiming it was invited by the new Afghan communist leader, Babrak Karmal, setting the country on a path of 40 years of seemingly endless wars and conflict. After the...

  1869 (dated)         1 : 2027520 Description This monumental map details the southern frontier of the Russian Empire in Asia, extending southwards to the British sphere of influence in Afghanistan, the Punjab and Kashmir. The western part of the map reaches as far as the Aral Sea and Kashmar, formerly Torshīz (شیز) in Persia. The eastern limits of the map are dominated by the Chinese Empire. The lands covered are today divided between Kazakhstan in the north, Uzbekistan across the center, Kyrgyzstan in the east, Tajikistan in the southeast, and Turkmenistan in the southwest. T...