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queueing, it was finally time to go in. the quiet and westminster hall is striking. it is a mix of grief and gratitude. as they filed past the coffin, joan and pauline paused for a moment and crossed themselves. it was very solemn, very moving. just the quietness and the coffin just being there. i would like to go round again and be able to take it all in, because it is too much to take in. it all in, because it is too much to take in. . , , all in, because it is too much to take in. ., , ., take in. it was 'ust so moving. it 'ust take in. it was 'ust so moving. it just brings — take in. it wasjust so moving. it just brings anyone _ take in. it wasjust so moving. it just brings anyone that - take in. it wasjust so moving. it just brings anyone that you i take in. it wasjust so moving. it just brings anyone that you have lost, _ just brings anyone that you have lost, it _ just brings anyone that you have lost, itjust brings it all back and that is— lost, itjust brings it all back and that is what you think about. you know, _ that is what you think about. you know. they— that is what you think about. you know, they say she is just another human— know, they say she is just another human being, but it's so nice to be able to— human being, but it's so nice to be able to show— human being, but it's so nice to be able to show your respect for her.
queue moved quickly, almost a dash. we bumped into sisters, joan and joan who travelled down from southport in merseyside, staying with their friend, southport in merseyside, staying with theirfriend, gloria. i had southport in merseyside, staying with their friend, gloria.- with their friend, gloria. i had to come to show — with their friend, gloria. i had to come to show respect. - with their friend, gloria. i had to come to show respect. i've i with their friend, gloria. i had to | come to show respect. i've never seen the queen and to do that, it is the final thing. the only queen we have ever known, so such an honour to come and then visit the coffin, we had to do it. she to come and then visit the coffin, we had to do it.— we had to do it. she was 'ust a lovely person. i we had to do it. she was 'ust a lovely person. and, ii we had to do it. she wasjust a lovely person. and, i don't i we had to do it. she wasjust a i lovely person. and, i don't know, 'ust lovely person. and, i don't know, just a _ lovely person. and, idon't know, just a leader— lovely person. and, i don't know, just a leader of the country, more so than _ just a leader of the country, more so than any— just a leader of the country, more so than any politician and with the i’ili'it so than any politician and with the right moral— so than any politician and with the right moral values and showing a good _ right moral values and showing a good example for everything. seeing the queen's coffin _ good example for everything. seeing the queen's coffin in _ good example for everything. seeing the queen's coffin in person - good example for everything. seeing the queen's coffin in person will- good example for everything. seeing the queen's coffin in person will be l the queen's coffin in person will be a particularly difficult person —— moment for bothjoan and pauline. i moment for bothjoan and pauline. i will probably get upset going past it, thinking of family who have gone and it— it, thinking of family who have gone and itiust _ it, thinking of family who have gone and itjust brings all that back. we've — and itjust brings all that back. we've both brought our husband, they
way, as if someone was beating on the head with a hammer. these are very challenging and you can ask yourself are these due to random chance? my answer to that is no, they're not. and the rarer they are, the more i believe it is somehow tied to their genes and how that interacts with their environment to produce these kinds of unusual similarities. this is certainly the case for pauline and pamela, who mirror each other in extraordinary ways. i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same time i she did, because i always used to get the pregnancy arthritis l in my fingers. she used to come to me and say, "you're pregnant aren't you?" - we do sort of mirror each other, and it is bizarre. . when people hear about twin studies, and how much nature seems to be genetically determined, does that take away from our own sense of agency or our own control? it is very important to appreciate that genes do not
looking at genetic and environmental influence on behaviour and what we're finding is that many more behaviours than we would have thought do have a genetic component to them. tea is served. thank you very much. to try to understand the unique relationship twins have, i went to visit pauline and pamela, identicaltwins who grew up together in east london. i can look at her and i know what she's thinking. yeah. and i know what she is feeling. yeah. and if it is something funny then, that's it. you can't do a thing with us, can you? and tell me a bit more about what your unique bond is like. it's so hard to describe, but our lives, because of the virtue that we are twins, i think it's more entwined. it is like you are the other half. we have always said that. i think that is right. we knew we started off as one and then we split. and it feels like that. we look so alike i cannot tell us apart, could you?
work in determinative ways, they are predisposed, but they do not provide the final word. just because you have a gene, doesn't mean it will always be expressed. it takes a certain environment to bring that out. we all have genes that will be expressed given a particular environment. sometimes gene expression can occur in one twin, and not the other, and this can create differences between them. these environmental differences that trigger different gene expressions might even start in the womb. it doesn't mean we're set in stone, that we can't change. describe to me how you complement each other? although you are identical, i and that bond is always there, you have your own opinionsj and your own personalities. pauline had one half- of the bedroom and i have the other, hers was all pristine and dusted, i and mine was like a tip. i was very girly and - she was very tomboyish. i was more academic, pam was dyslexic, we didn't
hi. hello. which one's which? i'm pam. i'm pauline. identical twins share all their genes having split from a single fertilised egg in the first two weeks after conception. fraternal twins share half their genes on average. they result when a women releases two eggs at the same time and they are fertilised by two separate sperm, so they have 50% of their genes in common on average, like ordinary siblings. comparing resemblance in identical twins to fraternal twins, gives us a handle on whether or not genetics has an effect. it would, if identical twins were more alike than fraternals, and they invariably are. for decades, they have been the focus of scientific research. the study in new york came to light when identical triplets who were separated at birth accidentally discovered each other. studying twins gives us enormous insight into how we come to be the way that we are. twin studies are a natural model.
which one's which? i'm pam. i'm pauline. identical twins share all their genes having split from a single fertilised egg in the first two weeks after conception. fraternal twins share half their genes on average. they result when a women releases two eggs at the same time and they are fertilised by two separate sperm, so they have 50% of their genes in common on average, like ordinary siblings. comparing resemblance in identical twins to fraternal twins, gives us a handle on whether or not genetics has an effect. it would, if identical twins were more alike than fraternals, and they invariably are. for decades, they have been the focus of scientific research. the study in new york came to light when identical triplets who were separated at birth accidentally discovered each other. studying twins gives us enormous insight into how we come to be the way that we are. twin studies are a natural model. looking at genetic and environmental influence on behaviour and what we're finding is that many more behaviours than we would have
just because you have a gene, doesn't mean it will always be expressed. it takes a certain environment to bring that out. we all have genes that will be expressed given a particular environment. sometimes gene expression can occur in one twin, and not the other, and this can create differences between them. these environmental differences that trigger different gene expressions might even start in the womb. it doesn't mean we're set in stone, that we can't change. describe to me how you complement each other? although you are identical, i and that bond is always there, you have your own opinionsj and your own personalities. pauline had one half of the - bedroom and i have the other, hers was all pristine l and dusted, and mine was like a tip. i was very girly and - she was very tomboyish. i was more academic, pam was dyslexic, we didn't know that then. she's a lot more creative,
and you can ask yourself are these due to random chance? my answer to that is no, they're not. and the rarer they are, the more i believe it is somehow tied to their genes and how that interacts with their environment to produce these kinds of unusual similarities. this is certainly the case for pauline and pamela, who mirror each other in extraordinary ways. i always knew she was pregnant more or less at the same time i she did, because i always used to get the pregnancy— arthritis in my fingers. she used to come to me and say, "you're pregnant aren't you?" - we do sort of mirror each other, and it is bizarre. . when people hear about twin studies, and how much nature seems to be genetically determined, does that take away from our own sense of agency or our own control? it is very important to appreciate that genes do not work in determinative ways, they are predisposed, but they do not provide the final word.
thought do have a genetic component to them. tea is served. thank you very much. to try to understand the unique relationship twins have, i went to visit pauline and pamela, identical twins who grew up together in east london. i can look at her and i know what she's thinking. yeah. and i know what she is feeling. yeah. and if it is something funny then, that's it. you can't do a thing with us, can you? and tell me a bit more about what your unique bond is like. it's so hard to describe, but our lives, because of the virtue that we are twins, i think it's more entwined. it is like you are the other half. we have always said that. i think that is right. we knew we started off as one and then we split. and it feels like that. we look so alike i cannot tell us apart, could you? no. me and my shadow, it is unique