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I think there is something to that. The way i would summarize it would be to say the United States is still the most powerful country in the world, but the margins of our lead are contracting. And what that means in terms of policy is that big problems in the world cannot be solved without the United States, but the United States can no longer be solving them alone or be dictating to others exactly how they get solved. So the premium in these coming years for the United States, i think, as the leading power in the world, is going to be on Coalition Building and alliance management. When we thi...

In vitro cytotoxicity and anti-HIV activity of Croton macrostachyus, Croton megalocarpus and Croton dichogamus

2Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania 3Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan 4Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania HIV human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) entry inhibitor potency is dependent on viral co-receptor tropisms and thereby tropism determination is clinically important. However, phenotypic tropisms of HIV-1 non-B subtypes have been poorly investigated and the genotypic prediction algorithms remain insufficiently validated. To clarify this issue, we recruited 52 treatment-naïve,...

This figure presents serum binding and functional antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection among women 45 years or younger. A and B, Each panel compares vaccine antibody responses at 2 through 8 weeks after the second dose to nonpregnant and pregnant women who were unvaccinated and infected. Thirteen women (7 nonpregnant, 4 pregnant, and 2 lactating) who had baseline samples collected within 7 days of their first vaccine dose were selected based on the earliest sample availability and were analyzed as a negative assay control. C, D, and E, Systems serology wa...

IgG antibodies are crucial for protection against invading pathogens. A highly conserved N-linked glycan within the IgG-Fc tail, essential for IgG function, shows variable composition in humans. Afucosylated IgG variants are already used in anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies for their elevated activity through Fc receptors (FcγRIIIa). Here, we report that afucosylated IgG (~6% of total IgG in humans) are specifically formed against enveloped viruses but generally not against other antigens. This mediates stronger FcγRIIIa responses, but also amplifies brewing cytokine storms and immune-media...