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Stages of tuberculosis disease can be delineated by radiology, microbiology, and symptoms, but transitions between these stages remain unclear. In a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of individuals with untreated tuberculosis who underwent follow-up (34 cohorts from 24 studies, with a combined sample of 139 063), we aimed to quantify progression and regression across the tuberculosis disease spectrum by extracting summary estimates to align with disease transitions in a conceptual framework of the natural history of tuberculosis.

The COVID-19 pandemic has exposed faults in the way we assess preparedness and response capacities for public health emergencies. Existing frameworks are limited in scope, and do not sufficiently consider complex social, economic, political, regulatory, and ecological factors. One Health, through its focus on the links among humans, animals, and ecosystems, is a valuable approach through which existing assessment frameworks can be analysed and new ways forward proposed. Although in the past few years advances have been made in assessment tools such as the International Health Regulations Joint...

Inspired by nature, researchers are now looking at biological materials like biofilms, bone, skin, and bark as model systems to develop novel living materials that can grow, self-repair, and adapt to environmental changes.

The present study evaluated the efficacy of polysaccharides as prebiotics for the skin microbiome. Hyaluronic acids, carboxymethyl beta-glucan, glucomannan and schizophyllan were tested and changes in Staphylococcus epidermidis and Cutibacterium acnes were measured in vitro and in vivo.

Sun, 18 Oct 2020 19:56 UTC Since I started medical school in 1976, until 2020, I have heard the dogma that viral diseases are not treatable (with some exceptions such as antivirals for HIV/AIDS), certainly not with antimicrobials. My older son, a newly minted general surgeon, was educated much more recently, but with the same misunderstanding. Since viral diseases are not treatable, our only weapon is vaccination. A friend who spent his life as an academic university physician retiring in 2016 had never heard this fact either. As the "pandemic" broke out, I constantly watched and read online...