2Centre for Indigenous Studies, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada 3Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States 4American Indian Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States Throughout the Americas, most Indigenous people move through urban areas and make their homes in cities. Yet, the specific issues and concerns facing Indigenous people in cities, and the positive protective factors their vibrant urban communities generate are often overlooked and poorly understood. This has been particularly so und...