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Titanium dioxide stars in the first IFJ PAN research at the Cracow synchrotron

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IMAGE: Klaudia Wojtaszek (IFJ PAN) prepares samples for placement in the measurement chamber at the XAS research station of the SOLARIS synchrotron.
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Credit: Source: IFJ PAN
Few compounds are as important to industry and medicine today as titanium dioxide. Despite the variety and popularity of its applications, many issues related to the surface structure of materials made of this compound and the processes taking place therein remain unclear. Some of these secrets have just been revealed to scientists from the Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. It was the first time they had used the SOLARIS synchrotron in their research. ....

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Modeling the probability of methane hydrate deposits on the seafloor

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IMAGE: Using Sandia National Laboratories longstanding expertise in probabilistic modeling and machine learning algorithms from the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, the researchers determined the probability of finding methane hydrate off the.
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Credit: Image courtesy of William Eymold/Sandia National Laboratories
RALEIGH, N.C. Methane hydrate, an ice-like material made of compressed natural gas, burns when lit and can be found in some regions of the seafloor and in Arctic permafrost.
Thought to be the world s largest source of natural gas, methane hydrate is a potential fuel source, and if it melts and methane gas is released into the atmosphere, it is a potent greenhouse gas. For these reasons, knowing where methane hydrate might be located, and how much is likely there, is important. ....

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A remedy for the spread of false news?

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Stopping the spread of political misinformation on social media may seem like an impossible task. But a new study co-authored by MIT scholars finds that most people who share false news stories online do so unintentionally, and that their sharing habits can be modified through reminders about accuracy.
When such reminders are displayed, it can increase the gap between the percentage of true news stories and false news stories that people share online, as shown in online experiments that the researchers developed.
Getting people to think about accuracy makes them more discerning in their sharing, regardless of ideology, says MIT professor David Rand, co-author of a newly published paper detailing the results. And it translates into a scalable and easily implementable intervention for social media platforms. ....

United States , Peter Dizikes , Erwinh Schell , Gordon Pennycook , Ziv Epstein , Antonio Arechar , Mohsen Mosleh , University Of Exeter Business School , Humanities Research Council Of Canada , Mitsubishi Career Development Professor , Omidyar Network , Sloan Human Cooperation Laboratory , John Templeton Foundation , Cooperation Team , News Office , Canadian Institutes Of Health Research , University Of Regina , Sloan School Of Management , Flora Hewlett Foundation , Media Lab , David Rand , Human Cooperation Laboratory , Applied Cooperation , Exeter Business School , Dean Eckles , Artificial Intelligence Initiative ,

Crystal structure prediction of multi-elements random alloy

Credit: POSTECH
Alchemy, which attempted to turn cheap metals such as lead and copper into gold, has not yet succeeded. However, with the development of alloys in which two or three auxiliary elements are mixed with the best elements of the times, modern alchemy can produce high-tech metal materials with high strength, such as high entropy alloys. Now, together with artificial intelligence, the era of predicting the crystal structure of high-tech materials has arrived without requiring repetitive experiments.
A joint research team of Professor Ji Hoon Shim and Dr. Taewon Jin (first author, currently at KAIST) of POSTECH s Department of Chemistry, and Professor Jaesik Park of POSTECH Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence have together developed a system that predicts the crystal structures of multi-element alloys with expandable features without needing massive training data. These research findings were recently published in ....

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Reshaping the future of the electric grid through low-cost, long-duration discharge batteries | US Department of Energy Science News

DOE/Argonne National Laboratory
Form Energy sprang out of JCESR research on the air-breathing sulfur battery. (Credit: Image courtesy of JCESR.)
A new era of energy provided by renewables may be close at hand, thanks to research begun at the Joint Center for Energy Storage Research (JCESR), a U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Energy Innovation Hub led by DOE s Argonne National Laboratory, and continued at spinoff company Form Energy.
The challenge JCESR addressed is long duration storage stabilizing a renewable grid against several consecutive days of calm or overcast days when wind and solar generation is absent or severely limited. Today s lithium-ion batteries can discharge at full power for 4-6 hours, enough to stabilize against most intra-day variations due to passing clouds or fluctuating winds, or to extend solar electricity a few hours past sunset to serve the evening demand peak. A full day or consecutive days of windless or overcast weather is stabilized by n ....

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