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7th Circ. Ministerial Exception Employment Discrimination Law Exemption


Tuesday, August 3, 2021
The ministerial exception stems from the First Amendment of the Constitution’s Religion Clauses and provides religious organizations a broad exemption from employment discrimination laws that would otherwise apply to the hiring and firing of ministerial employees.  The Seventh Circuit, sitting 
en banc, recently held on July 9, 2021, in 
Demkovich v. St. Andrew the Apostle Parish and the Archdiocese of Chicago, that the ministerial exception also bars hostile work environment claims. 
The 
Demkovich decision was preceded by two significant Supreme Court cases repeatedly cited in the Seventh Circuit’s opinion as providing clarity and guidance about the scope of the ministerial exception. In the 2012 Supreme Court case  ....

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American Samoans seek appeals court's review of US citizens denial


Photo: 123rf
That appeals court s decision reversed a federal court ruling from 2019, in Fitisemanu versus the United States, that recognised American Samoans as US citizens.
The Citizenship Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment guarantees that ll persons born or naturalised in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States. But because of a federal law labelled by some as discriminatory, people born in American Samoa are labelled as nationals, but not citizens, of the United States .
In their June decision, the panel for the Tenth Circuit relied on an expansive interpretation of the much-criticised Insular Cases [a series of US Supreme Court opinions on US territories] and ignored the clear command of the Supreme Court in the 1898 Wong Kim Ark decision to rule that citizenship is not a fundamental right in overseas territories and depends on Congress whims, not the Constitution. ....

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