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Glitch in genome architecture may cause B-cell malignancies


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NEW YORK, NY (Feb. 1, 2021) Errors in the way chromosomes are packed into antibody-producing B cells appear to play a role in the development of B cell-related blood cancers, according to a new study by researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons.
The findings could lead to new biomarkers for predicting the onset of these cancers and to a new class of cancer therapies that prevent or correct harmful changes in genome architecture.
The study was published online Feb. 1 in the journal
Nature Genetics.
Antibodies are made by immune cells called B cells through a series of carefully controlled chromosome rearrangements and good mutations that allow the cell to make a wide array of different antibodies. Although these changes are essential for generating the vast diversity of antibodies, there is a risk that bad mutations will occur and lead to B cell-derived cancers, says study leader Uttiya Basu, PhD, professor of ....

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Big data analysis finds cancer's key vulnerabilities


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NEW YORK, NY (Jan. 11, 2021) Thousands of different genetic mutations have been implicated in cancer, but a new analysis of almost 10,000 patients found that regardless of the cancer s origin, tumors could be stratified in only 112 subtypes and that, within each subtype, the Master Regulator proteins that control the cancer s transcriptional state were virtually identical, independent of the specific genetic mutations of each patient.
The study, published Jan. 11 in
Cell, confirms that Master Regulators provide the molecular logic that integrates the effect of many different and patient-specific mutations to implement the transcriptional state of a specific tumor subtype, thus greatly expanding the fraction of patients who may respond to the same treatment. ....

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Diversity, severity of autism symptoms linked to mutation locations


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NEW YORK, NY (Dec. 22, 2020) One of the most recognizable characteristics of autism is an amazing diversity of associated behavioral symptoms. Clinicians view autism as a broad spectrum of related disorders, and the origin of the disease s heterogeneity has puzzled scientists, doctors, and affected families for decades.
In a recent study, researchers at Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons have made an important step towards understanding the biological mechanisms underlying the cognitive and behavioral diversity of autism cases triggered by de novo truncating mutations. These mutations occur in parents germline cells and usually strongly disrupt the functions of target genes. De novo truncating mutations are responsible for close to 5% of autism cases and up to 20% of cases seen clinically. ....

New York , United States , Mailman School Of Public Health , Jiayao Wang , Jonathan Chang , Andrew Chiang , Andrewh Chiang , Dennis Vitkup , Columbia University Irving Medical Center , Department Of Biomedical Informatics , Vagelos College Of Physicians , National Institutes Of Health , School Of Arts , College Of Dental Medicine , Columbia University Vagelos College Of Physicians , Simons Foundation , Ruthl Kirschstein National Research Service Award , School Of Nursing , Columbia University Vagelos College , Severe Symptoms Associated , Frequently Used , National Institutes , National Research Service , University Irving Medical Center , Vagelos College , Mailman School ,