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Frontiers | Phenotypic and Genotypic Co-receptor Tropism Testing in HIV-1 Epidemic Region of Tanzania Where Multiple Non-B Subtypes Co-circulate

2Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
3Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
4Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
HIV human immunodeficiency virus type I (HIV-1) entry inhibitor potency is dependent on viral co-receptor tropisms and thereby tropism determination is clinically important. However, phenotypic tropisms of HIV-1 non-B subtypes have been poorly investigated and the genotypic prediction algorithms remain insufficiently validated. To clarify this issue, we recruited 52 treatment-naïve, HIV-1-infected patients in Tanzania, where multiple HIV-1 non-B subtypes co-circulate. Sequence analysis of 93 infectious envelope clones isolated from their plasma viral RNA revealed the co-circulation of subtypes A1, C, D, and inter-subtype recombinant forms (isRFs). Phenotypic tropism assays revealed that lentivirus reporters pseudotyped with 75 (80.6%) and 5 (5.4%) envelope cl ....

Mbeya Region , Mnazi Mmoja , Pemba North , United States , South Africa , Dar Es Salaam , Africa Amogne , Sciences Ref No , Muhimbili University Of Health , Terumo Foundation For Life Sciences , Sedia Bioscience Corporation , Japan Agency For Medical Research , Muhimbili National Hospital , Ministry Of Education , Scientific Research , Senate Research , Reagent Program , Publications Committee Of Muhimbili University Health , Bilateral Open Partnership Joint Research , Graphpad Software , Gibson Assembly , Research Program , Treatment Clinic , Mnazi Mmoja Hospital , Publications Committee , Muhimbili University ,

Immunogenicity of COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines in Pregnant and Lactating Women

This figure presents serum binding and functional antibody responses following COVID-19 vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection among women 45 years or younger.
A and B, Each panel compares vaccine antibody responses at 2 through 8 weeks after the second dose to nonpregnant and pregnant women who were unvaccinated and infected. Thirteen women (7 nonpregnant, 4 pregnant, and 2 lactating) who had baseline samples collected within 7 days of their first vaccine dose were selected based on the earliest sample availability and were analyzed as a negative assay control.
C, D, and E, Systems serology was used to quantify spike-specific antibody–dependent neutrophil phagocytosis (ADNP), antibody–dependent complement deposition (ADCD), and antibody–dependent monocyte cellular phagocytosis (ADCP). ....

United Kingdom , United States , Massachusetts Institute Of Technology , South Africa , Puro Luc Addgene , Apraku Bondzie , Cytofix Cytoperm , Danh Barouch , Glo Luciferase Assay Promega Corp , Burroughs Wellcome Fund , Ragon Institute , Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Harvard Catalyst Clinical Research Center , Melinda Gates Foundation , Ragon Institute Of Massachusetts , Training Program , Reproductive Scientist Development Program , Cellular Technologies Ltd , Graphpad Software , Vaccine Research , Musk Foundation , Translational Science Center , Seromyx Systems Inc , Centers For Disease , Rockland Inc , Department Of Obstetrics ,

Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity

IgG antibodies are crucial for protection against invading pathogens. A highly conserved N-linked glycan within the IgG-Fc tail, essential for IgG function, shows variable composition in humans. Afucosylated IgG variants are already used in anti-cancer therapeutic antibodies for their elevated activity through Fc receptors (FcγRIIIa). Here, we report that afucosylated IgG (~6% of total IgG in humans) are specifically formed against enveloped viruses but generally not against other antigens. This mediates stronger FcγRIIIa responses, but also amplifies brewing cytokine storms and immune-mediated pathologies. Critically ill COVID-19 patients, but not those with mild symptoms, had high levels of afucosylated IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, amplifying pro-inflammatory cytokine release and acute phase responses. Thus, antibody glycosylation plays a critical role in immune responses to enveloped viruses, including COVID-19. ....

Noord Holland , United States , United Kingdom , Uppsala Lan , Eteläuomen Läi , Assaymap Bravo Agilent , Bruker Daltonics , Santa Clara , Academic Medical Center , Reagent Program , Ethics Committee Of The University Amsterdam , Platelet Immunology Laboratory , Ge Healthcare , Afucosylated Igg Responses , Total Igg , Afucosylated Igg , Plasmad Dimer , Amsterdam Cohort Studies , Finnish Red Cross Blood , Medical Ethics Committee , Cytomegalovirus Igg , Measles Igg , Mumps Igg , Proteing Sepharose , Millipore Multiscreen , Agilent Technologies ,

Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity

Afucosylated IgG characterizes enveloped viral responses and correlates with COVID-19 severity
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Noord Holland , United States , United Kingdom , Uppsala Lan , Eteläuomen Läi , Bruker Daltonics , Assaymap Bravo Agilent , U Cytech Biosciences , Santa Clara , Academic Medical Center , European Union Seventh Framework Programme Highglycan , Immunity Institute , Netherlands National Institute For Public Health , Monitoring Foundation , Ethics Committee Of The University Amsterdam , Discovery Workbench Software , Ge Healthcare , Netherlands Organization For Scientific Research , Reagent Program , Amsterdam Health Service , Windows Graphpad Software Inc , Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation , Platelet Immunology Laboratory , Afucosylated Igg Responses , Total Igg , Afucosylated Igg ,

ATCC Announces Award of HIV Reagent Program

ATCC Announces Award of HIV Reagent Program
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