violent extremism affects sub saharan africa, more than any other region. a new un report identifies the main issue driving people to join army groups with loss as to had as violence in burkina. faso continues to force people from their homes, some end up across the border and gone out there already. questions about how long the neighbors can host them. and let's fly, sky high of pioneer in the hot air. balloon piloting gives us a view of life from her vantage point. with i'm told me or lady boy, it's good to have you with us. mehta, the company that owns a facebook is under fire in kenya. it work as there are suing complaining. they have been subjected to in humane working conditions, including forced labor, irregular pay, and no right to unionize. the case was brought by daniel, my tongue, a former content moderator for a facebook subcontractor. he says he had to review content such as rape, torture, and beheadings without mental health support. this week, a label court in nairobi rule that matter can face a lawsuit in kenya, that's after the tack giant tried to have the case dropped, arguing that kenya's cords did not have jurisdiction over its operations. we reached out to met us as the ruling was announced and they responded saying they cannot comment on ongoing legal matters and matter is facing a 2nd law suit in kenya to individuals and a rights group say the tech giant failed to respond properly to hateful content. on its platform, facebook as relating to the war in if you're p as t grier region, one of the plaintiffs says a facebook fail to take down. hate speech ob ramirez. seen here on the left says metal lack of action lead to his father's killing. merrick amari abra, a chemistry professor, any fuel pier was on his way home from work when he was shot in the back and legs. this happened right after 2 facebook posts called for his murder. to look deeper into these 2 cases against meta in kenya, i'm joined now by iran. gl holton. he is the amnesty international tenure executive director. welcome to dw news africa. now just looking at this high court ruling announced earlier this week, how did you feel when you heard the news them this international we were delighted by the judgment that actually the tenant can in court of law, is not only capable, but will be listening to the evidence by the daniel more time in this particular case, i think we can just say that we would like to, it's also very globally significant and historic in the sense that this is probably the that's a huge social media platform like meta facebook will be held accountable in a court of law outside of europe. right. and what does this mean on the ground for content moderators like daniel montague, you mentioned who brought this case against meta. i can only believe that they must be sighing relief and the sense of vindication with them. but for many years now, moderate to the claim that they are facing that they have been possible top. i mean, if you think about the role of a content monitor, if you have to fit through thousands of pages and live content, visual, and print content that in many time, many ways can be toxic, can be violent. you have to look through, you know, the very corey images of sexual violence than to be also issues around the beastie ality. and they've been complaining for a long time. but they just don't have the tools to be able to do this work properly . and they had to few, dealing with too much information. i think one of the things that has really deeply concern that by daniel moore, thank kate, is how he has said that, you know, much of the work that he does have left him almost with a case of post traumatic stress that he has complained that you know epilepsy condition that he had. one is when he was a child, came back in the employment while he was employed by some of course the 3rd party provider for facebook met. and i think for organizations like i'm this, we are calling on facebook to take responsibility. not just for the conditions of the working conditions of their content moderators, but really the impact that their platform have on millions of people. and what are these measures? in particular, these tools are talking about the need to be put in place to make sure that these content moderators are protected. so therefore practical, think the 1st is that they should use kill switches to essentially stop advertising and boosting opposed, particularly where the content is hateful of violence. the 2nd thing they can do is increase the number of content moderators that can operate in several languages. in the case of the 2 year conflict in t, great. much of the content was harric and green. yeah. and you know, it is the case that actually there is not enough african, you know, content moderators working in different languages. and the 3rd thing i think is really essential the movie much positive drop content or to pull down content where it is deemed to be hateful. and we have to be clear, this is not really an issue of freedom speech. it is really a question of how do you make sure that content that is violent content that is discriminatory. the discussion has no place on platforms like facebook and, and others, and beyond the content moderators. we have, you know, people like i meg murray, who is a son of a murdered. if you look in professor, he's taking went to court as well, alleging that the company is responsible for his father's death. can you tell us more about his case briefly? so it's, it's really tragic. i mean, if you listen to the testimony of the 2 positions that have taken methods to court, mon stickler doctor, you know, professor abraham, who was targeted over several days on several pages on facebook and they started off, you know, talking about him personally. they revealed where he worked. he was a professor by the university. they then began to read a lot of faith also. and then came the photographs, the places where he frequented his office, the university property. and you know, the tried to think about him was he was a less it, this was happening. and many of the people who saw it actually listed facebook to take down the post, but methods, it took no action. and sadly, you know, the professor argued that, you know, he wasn't even on facebook himself. but he argued that that decades of community service would affect him. unfortunately, you know, what we saw was he was essentially shot down as he left the university one day and left bleeding in the street. and that's all really, you know, due to the bad bond intelligence the way it was together and share on facebook and what the plaintiff want. well, this is a, it's a class action suit. it's a bit like daniel motoring case, you know, in the, in the course in the employment labor court for the case of f, if they hand them a merit, they basically calling for compensation essentially to be put in a funds to help people who are either you know attacked or hummed emotionally by the vicious nesbit is sometimes seen on facebook. so they are actually calling for a fund to be set up to essentially manage wellbeing and mental health of people who are targeted using the platform. but unfortunately, it's now been pushed back a couple of months. so we hope that they can of course, do not delay this any further because i think it's important that we get to a resolution of this particular case. and once again, this will be globally significant. and it will essentially open the door for other jurisdictions across africa, math america, to essentially hold method responsible for the content that it allows the ship when it's really your on 10 years council for responsible social media. and the statement that says the current social media system is broken. so what needs to be done to fix it for the council really to report that actually a week ago, just around, well, pretty damn national info on them. and what we found was a number of things. one was that 47 percent kenyon of now i'm familiar with you on social media platform and facebook has 90 percent of that, you know, and i think the other thing that was interesting from that study was the kenyans. now one social media platforms regulated either by the government or self regulated by the platform. but i think we're, we're beginning to see is a growing trust deficit among kenyans towards social media platforms because they're failing to regulate. and i think that the biggest cost, you know, the institutions will have the other costs will be these very costly transactions that are beginning to develop and they've been happening and in places like europe, the, you know, this could be the 1st time that we see the case like this in the global iran gotten amnesty international kenya, executive director. thank you for speaking to us. ah . in the year 2021 global terrorism claimed the lives of over 7000 people, nearly half of them in sub saharan africa. and that threat still exists, particularly in the sa hell region. but what's fueling it? a new report says the main driver of violent extremism in sub saharan africa is mainly the lack of jobs. the un development program interviewed more than 2000 people in 8 countries stretching from burkina faso to somalia. half of them were former members of violent extremist groups. and i'm joined now by the reports lead offer marina keep like at the u. n. d p regional piece, building advisor for africa, joins us from addis ababa feel. feel welcome to d, doubly news africa, maryland. now, i'm one of your findings and this report is that sub saharan africa is the new global epicenter of violet extremism. what did the people tell you when you interviewed them? thank you for having me. indeed, it does highlight the fact that the sub saharan africa has become the global epicenter of violent extremism. and this is based on data from the institute of economics and piece who rece, the annual global terrorism index, and from the index, we see that for out of the 10 most affected countries globally or in sub saharan africa. indeed, we've seen the spread in terms of looking at risk as well as affected areas now to the gulf of guinea, the great lakes region, as well as southern africa, most specifically mozambique. what we heard from some of the respondents, the rule cited reason for joining was really hope for better employment, a better life. and this was cited by about 25 percent of the respondents. there was also a lot of influence from peers and family. we found women of to intended to join with family members, particularly their husbands, about 60 percent. and 61 percent of men tended to join with friends. the more of the peer influence, many of these voluntary recruits experienced a tipping point. and of those who experienced a tipping point, 71 percent of them cited you know, heavy handed, a government security action so that so you know, of violated human rights as the tipping point for them joining the group. so that was quite a significant and how prevalent were actual religious extremist views among the people you interviewed. not prevalent, i would say a very low a particularly considering that those who did site ideological reasons for joining were very few about 17 percent true. seen a decrease from our 1st study in 2017. and furthermore, when we looked at the reasons of why people joined us, the most cited reason was disillusion mentor around the groups ideology. so about 60 percent turn cited that they did not believe any more in the beliefs of the group. so this was not a significant factor kegan's detail about what these approaches. i talk about people being disillusioned and is it sort of at the jobs appear and then everybody goes back to normal insecurities back as we hope it should be. law. what's important and i think this is also why we continued to invest in research, you know, is really the need to have these informed, you know, approaches. and a lot of the, you know, elements and push and pull factors are based on local conditions. so looking at, you know, more of this, a contextualized approaches in terms of looking at what were these local level grievances. so it's going beyond jobs. it's also building social contract building trust with security and community investing in these peripheral borderland areas. we also see that people, you'll marginalize, so really doing more investment in these areas, which have been identified as high risk with our high numbers of recruitment. and this is important in terms of the prevention element. as we see the drivers of the voluntary recruits into violent extremism. but it is also as important for those leaving and you know, not having people who are already disillusioned and returning to the same factors and conditions which drove them to join violent extremist groups and the 1st place . so the importance of that, and we see this in the work, for example, we do on stabilization and prevention of violent extremism and also trying to apply more of this piece, building and preventative approach within development. so that we can really look at sustainable piece. so it's really looking at more of this comprehensive package of how do we achieve sustainable piece of development. okay, we'll have to leave it that near in. i keep look at from the u. n. d p regional office and, and africa. thank you for speaking to us. thank you very much for having me. and the insecurity in the country surveyed isn't just affecting their own populations. it's also creeping across borders. take burkina faso for example. it became the center of a d. hottest insurgency in west africa after violence spilled over from neighboring malli since 2015. thousands of booking abbe have been killed and 2000000 displaced . many of those who flee the conflict, find refuge with their neighbors across the border. the hosts offer what they have, but as dw correspondent maxwell souk reports from whitner by in northern gonna there's goodwill in abundance. but even that's not enough. i'm a believer lasha for gwen. his family may not have much to go round themselves, but does not limit him. their generosity. like many residents here are fool is feeding days and so can i be the 50s, who fled across the border? this cannot go around and he had it. we had been years rog and i was on when i did it, we never knew it to come close to us here. right. past cancer ideas to do to model in the hours and we'll round to certainly come down. we're doing 3 been we're, i think it will happen to us to her or no know where to with nobody is just a short walk from king of a 2000 so displease booking abby's crossed guns settlements following and resent attack. many people here are from the same ethnic group as the new arrivals, but he said he need more help from the government to continue hausten, feed him and providing shelter for them. this goes hamilton's asked up in wealthy show support is lacking. and helping out, even though did i'm so like the resources and infrastructure, the gum, my says is this is him not to interview him a strategic well well. so trying to prevent was trying to create a condition which are, you know, it will be more people will be attracted into the area. and also we did, we didn't also need that because these were people who came in and st or were demoted into you know, dad areas because people were actually ready to take them on their you know, to let them be in your houses. look, i'll see nad more gun is disaster, money, me agency or the came to count the people one month after the arrivals. they have had no support. the communities feeling left on your own with the responsibility of caring for them. this month is one of those were forced to flee. he described it deli horror bucking booking for su law. no doubt it. there were anti military helicopters flying patrols over our homes when they came over and over again every day. but that only fly for about 5 minutes or you won't get a bid number. then at night the bad men came in their vehicles on that and said that she had a sluice rumor or 10. and even if they killed a 1000 of them today, another 1000 would appear really good and we cannot go back there to where i live. reserves held by families forcing their fees a starting to run loo, would some even sale india livestock to help the against. but he warned windy your resources will be finished. how he every problem down we have to break wrong. people were trying to run us to solve our, through the nursery issues for now. generous guns, a keepin body and soul, a bit of a yeast together was the wheat for peace to be restored back home. the next guest is dr. joo i on delhi, a researcher into how african states and the allies fight against she had as them welcome to d, w. news africa, dr. eileen. now when we look at the distribution of jihad as violence across the ser, hell region, there are clear hot spots in northern nigeria in the lecture area, marley and then the spread to burkina faso. is there a threat of this and golfing other west african states? yes, thank you for your question. i thank you for having me. and the 2nd man today is this about it's extremist groups and often others around in the neighboring countries. especially if african government are not necessarily addressed in the social grievances that are supporting this groups to manipulate the teachings of islam for their own interest in their recruitment and mobilization. and, but we know, with the pandemic, african countries are strapped economically, but there is a need to provide social safety net so that there aren't any economic incentives for these groups to actually be able to recruit young adult populations that make up, you know, africa in their efforts to expand the areas of operation. so yes, there is a very important that if you don't do anything about it, looking at countries like molly and became a fossil who have turned away from western forces like france and germany and the embracing russia in the fight against you had us do you think this will solve the security problem. you know, essentially if we don't address the local grievances, i mean when it comes to discuss the characterization of temperature is it is very important because that proves to the citizens, especially in places like my booking. so that the military who are actually doing something about the deterioration security conditions in this country. but what comes next after fiscal secretary is asia. and that is why development solutions initiatives have to be implemented side by side and not after the fact that's what we have been seen on the last 10 years with ok. we secured this foothold where you had is have the areas of corporations and then we can then do capacity or initiated buildings and that is not working. so side by side is how we should actually think about adjusting the increase in spread on it's extremely same, especially what regions. and you've also argued that this should be taken from a perspective of the colonization. of course, yes. and when i mean that that is community based initiatives bring in traditional leaders community the does into regional strategies as well as national strategies and not just the actors as we see them today. so what goals do non military app display when it comes to do radicalization when it comes to capacity building? when it comes to conflict management? these are the reasons why we have to, in whatever solution we propose, happy grounded in an african reality. and you know, african perspective because these are the people that are facing a lot of this issues and problems. and i see in a day to day. so there's a need for us to be humble as security practitioners, as policy practitioners. when wanting to help this community themselves. okay, dr. july, and it will have to leave it there. thank you for your thoughts. thank you very much. ah, now lets take to the skies in kenya where we meet joyce beckwith, the world's 1st black female hot air balloon pilot the trailways or has been taking taurus on safari with a unique perspective of the treasured mass i, mara wildlife reserve. take a look. the messiah motto by air. a spectacle from above. one of africans, most famous, national parks for captain joyce beckwith. it's just another day in her office in the skies. she became the world's 1st lie from black female hot air balloon pilot in 2019 colleagues called her captain smiles. i knew that i was going to be the cannon. the 1st canyon, our pilots or female pilots to get the balloon. but i did not realize that i was actually going to be the 1st black woman in the while to do this. captain smiles on her license at a special flying school in the united states. since then, she spends most of her mornings showing people the hot stopping magic of sun rise above them as a morrow. the ride costs $400.00 per person. a luxury only few can afford like canyon stand up, comedian eunice vandal, aka mommy talk. she gift at the right to herself on a birthday. i flew with captain smiles and let me tell her she is amazing. she is excellent at what she does. flying and telling you the 80 miles away same time. that's amazing. she knows them from afar. captain smiled has already logged 200 hours of flying, but more importantly, she has broken through a glass ceiling for women in aviation. when i am flying, i can only describe it as freedom. i can describe beats as um gosh, it's you just have to fly. you don't have to comply with me to, to, to know what i'm talking about, and many hope to with canyon very own trailblazer. i hope to as well. well, that's it for now that be sure to check out other stories on d. w dot com, forward slash africa on facebook and twitter. we'll see you next slide, bye for now. ah ah with oh, discover the oh through real life stories for through exciting adventures into the through inspirational ideas ah documentary 15 o d w. o o. what secrets lie behind 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