Learn, just like donna said, to learn a new trade. Host in 1985, 6 . 7 billion worth spent on corrections. 2013 26. 5. Caller this is not what i talked about but since you brought up i will address it quickly it is not necessarily that we need more women, because the kind of woman that would shoot unnecessarily is the same kind of man, it is not gender, it is a mental tap. It is not that we need more women, but more certain types of people. What i called about is the bulk of the problem is the sixmonth to threeyear sentences people are getting and that is primarily because of the flexibility fake hero judges and prosecutors are being given that they should not have are two examples i would like you to address. I do not believe it is rational anyone should be locked up for any on of time if they were not paying money to a court for supposedly the wellbeing of a child i have a false promise of Child Support. It will not give productive value to that childs life for that person to be sitting in a lockup. Some people are victim of paternity fraud. Victims of paternity fraud. Separate from that, i think legislators should be setting up a system so that if someone is locked up for something they should not be locked up for the police have no evidence, and the judges were consciously complacent, the system should be set up where they should have to go to jail and go to jeff for a certain amount of time where they are in correctional programs and not just sitting there in the joint doing time. I want you to address the first thing i brought up that you should not be sending people to jail for long periods of time because it is not want to pay money to a court, but they were paying for the wellbeing of their child. Host todd. Paul butler . Guest i am with you, todd. I think a lot of misdemeanors should probably not be dealt with through the criminal Justice System. There was a frightening article in the New York Times this week about public urination, and it turns out thousands of people in new york city get arrested for peeing in the street, if you excuse the expression, and that is a problem. A lot of folks agreed it is a public nuisance, people should not do that, and there needs to be some disincentive, but the problem is one folks get arrested for that, they, a lot of times, spent time in a holding cell and they have an arrest record, and people plead guilty because they get caught redhanded, and and up with his criminal record. When we think about the collateral consequences that come from having a criminal record, and especially having a conviction, are those equivalent to the problem of public urination . So, again, being creative about ways to deal with social problems other than by locking people up, and the example that you used about if a man is not making his Child Support payments, that is a problem. Again, we need people, obviously, to be responsible parents, but it does seem kind of counterproductive to put them in a ce for all cell for a period of time because obviously than they are not going to be a responsible parent the same way they would be if they were on the street, and clearly they are not going to make Child Support payments if they are locked up. Again, a great example of something that everyone would agree is a problem. Again, folks need to take care of their kids, but is locking them up the best way of addressing that problem . A lot of the criminal justice policies, i think a lot of your callers are keying in on. A lot of the policies are not evidencebased, factbased. A lot of the policy is driven by emotion. When i think about some of these deadbeat dads it makes me kind of mad, too. I know some children whose fathers need to be more involved in their lives financially, so i get the emotion, but again, when i think about how to fix the problem, i wanted to be evidencebased, i wanted to focus on something that works, and for lots of these misdemeanors, there are better ways of addressing the problems than locking folks up or even giving them criminal records. Host Edward Perkins tweets in not just about the disproportionate number of arrests, drugs to be legalized and regulate. Jamie in maryland. Caller hello, i want to address a couple of points and i will move through them quickly. First, hats off to the president , especially when it comes to compassion. To speak on subjects that, you know, to be so passionate about things that are not necessarily an issue of yours, i think that takes great strength. I like what he said when he said what he said about redemption. I think that was a key point. I wanted to also say that a lot of folks that find themselves in prison, when you look at the man, you have to understand the story to understand him. A lot of these folks are the kids of addicts and that kind of thing. If you are the child of an addict, you are exposed to things everybody else is not. Sometimes you found ways to take care of yourself because maybe that person, that parent was not there, and that kind of thing. So, you have a whole different expands altogether that other folks do not understand. Another thing i wanted to say host jamie, before you do, can you share your experience with the criminal Justice System . Caller yeah. I am 36 years old now, but when i was about 19 or 20 years old myself and another german got into an argument gentleman got into an argument. The argument escalated and we both acted in a way we should not have. Host what does that mean . What does that mean . Caller well, it came to a violent situation. Host guns fists . Caller we are talking guns. Host was somebody killed . Caller no, nobody was killed. Caller i was hit, but it was the fault of my own. Host how has that affected you . Did you end up going to prison or jail for a while . Caller i was one in a million that caught a fair break and the reason i say that is because what i did deserved punishment and it just so happened that i had a very good family and i was also in a decent position myself to hire a good lawyer. That lawyer cost me 20,000. I am 20 years old and i had to come up with 20,000 for a lawyer and i was able to make that happen, but a lot of people cannot do that. If i had a public defender or Something Like that, i would still be in jail right now. That was 15 years ago. The end result was the judge he was not really his reputation was not one of a lenient one. So i was definitely scared, but that judge gave me a huge break and the only reason he did was he saw i had no previous arrest record, had never been locked up for anything. He said i will take this as you made a mistake, but if you ever come in front of me again, i promise you i will make you pay for it. Host how has that arrest affected your life in your professional career . Caller i will get to it. When i was in high school i was able to obtain my cdo license. I was a truck driver. I really had a good job before that arrest happened. So, it has affected me because it has been difficult for me i wanted to be a pilot and because of the arrest record, even if i went to school to be a pilot, there would be nobody i would be able to fly four. Host are you driving a truck today, jamie . Jamie got cut off. Im sorry about that. Paul butler, and response to what jamie had to say . Guest yeah, so, it sounds like he got a Second Chance and he really benefited from that Second Chance and it is important to know that it sounds like he is a very responsible contributing member of society and he was implicated in a crime of violence. I understand why now there is a lot of focus on nonviolent offenders, because that is, kind of, lowhanging fruit in the sense that it is very obvious period that locking up those people for long locking up those people for periods of time. It is important to think about people that have been locked up for round offenses, ways to help them get Second Chances and become responsible, returning citizens. In a i want to give a shout out to my public defenders. They have some of the most difficult jobs in our society. So many of them are just the hardest working and must responsible citizens, lawyers good human beings that you could meet. I get calls sometimes from people whose kid might be have a case standing. They say, is there anyway you can find someone to help me represent them because now its just a public defender . Lots of times, the public defender is the best person to represent you because they have so much experience representing people with crimes like the ca ller was accused of. The problem is not public defenders. Its that we do not send enough money in defense in our system. I know a lot of times you talk about Unfunded Mandates on states are required to do something, but they are not given the resources to do that. Defense of poor people is a classic example remember that story case of gideon versus wainwright . In the United States of america, if you are being prosecuted by the awesome power of the government, then you need somebo requires that you have a lawyer to represent you. If you are poor, then the government has to provide that lawyer. Sweeping grant announcement from the Supreme Court about the bill of rights and its relationship to an accused person. But who pays for that lawyer . States do. States have not been very forthcoming with the money that they have been allocating to that very pressing need. A lot of times when people are represented by appointed attorneys, those attorneys have way too many cases to focus on anyone in a way that does anything to do with justice. It depends on the jurisdiction. If you are in a place like the District Of Columbia youre lucky to be represented by the public defender. In the bronx, new york neighborhood defenders San Francisco has a great defender, you really have to think about where you are. Public defense lawyers, people who are Public Interest lawyers who represent an accused person, those are some of my heroes. Host paul butler we appreciate you coming on and talking about this issue. If congress brings it up next week, the washington journal a look at it again. On the next washington journal Weekly Standard online editor discusses developments in the 2016 republican race for president and former undersecretary of state for arms control and International Security look so what is in Iran Nuclear Agreement my how it will be implemented and its impact on the middle east. Take your calls and you can join the conversation on facebook and twitter. Live at 7 00 a. M. Eastern. This sunday artist and journalist what are you so drawings to tell stories around the world. Gang affiliation may be reading about the black panther were having a tattoo. The pelican bay incident, around the country you can land in solitary for art of the beliefs, gender status for Sexual Orientation of. A lot of times that is not necessarily finished drawing. Very often we have a big camera does it just as you and the person. Looking for your face for taking images that they can see the taking. If they are producing beautiful things. When you draw its a vulnerable thing. If you suck they can tell you. Its more of an interchange. Most people about them from before. Before. Has a lot of times i just drop it because i like to and i like talking to them i i do it. Sunday night at 8 00 oclock eastern and pacific. Cspan2 brings you the best access to congress, debate and votes in the senate floor, hearings and current policy events in every weekend book tv with nonfiction books and authors live coverage of book festivals around the country in a behind the scenes look at the publishing industry. Cspan2, the best access to congress and nonfiction books. Nasa scientists held a newsa news briefing to discuss the latest findings of a knew horizons spacecraft which took the 1st closeup images of the dwarf planet pluto and itsluto moon. Moon. From nasa headquarters in washington dc, this is an hour. Good afternoon and na welcome to nasa headquarters in our nations capitol. Nasas office of communications. Following thecommunications. Following the july 14 historic pluto flyby by nasas knew horizons spacecraft the Research Team has begun sharing the unprecedented images and findings with the world. Today we have more. This mission has clearly been embraced by the entire world of all ages. Di in fact, the numbers thatme are coming in for multimediaaboraty for social media, the internet, radio, tv is in the billions. We also want to give a nasa headquarters shout out to the Johns Hopkins applied Physics Laboratory for the unforgettable moments at there facility this week. We have now transitioned into mass over the future media briefings will here. We will have brief presentations and then open up for questions on nasap centers, social media andhi the phone lines. Social media is absolutelyhe exploding with this mission. Follow the conversation and lu twitter, facebook, youtube and other nasa accounts. India questions, cinnamon. Onl asked nasa. Certainly all of the information you have been hearing for here today and in the weeks and months be online. Let me introduce you to todays participants. Of first up,. First up, joe green, director of Planetary Science division nasa headquarters. Allen sternqu new horizonsinstute Principal InvestigatorSouthwest Research Institute in boulder colorado. Randy gladstone, new Horizons Court investigatoron c at southwest research at institute in san antonio. New line horizons coinvestigator university of colorado boulder and new Geoffrey Moore new horizons coinresevestigator at nasas with Ames Research center infa moffett fill, california. With that idi turned over use to us off. B thank you very much. Today we will talk about tost talk about some of the fantastic discoveries about the heart of pluto. Before we start that werehe like to do is really talk ath little bit about the heart of the knew Horizons Mission first, i want to thank apl for all the work that they have done making thishey mission happen. There are a whole series of contractors or Industry Community that has made this mission the spectacularinds success that it is. Tha apl hosted a fabulous, historic event this week that many attended personally but millions attended virtually, which has really been captivating. What an historic week. In particular the heart of knew horizons and is beating in pretty well and beating stillproduced by the department the of energy one of our majorgy. Government partners. With hiswith hisar radioisotope power enablesystem us to move further out into the solar system and it isorizonst on the trajectory. Currently if i can have our 1st pl graphic. Here we see knew horizons past pluto. Lion this is through the eyes on solar system that you canf get access to the web. As you can see it is more than 2 million miles away from pluto. Ar for ten years or nearly ten years the knew horizons teamre are always talking about each day with closer. Well now its syria further away but here is where it comes and that is important to remember. It is during this time of her going to w feel to obtain the data froms the flyby. Right now we havercent. Only received one to 2 percent of the data on the ground. By next week we will have tday grasped as much as five or 6 percent. Some of the discoveries that you are going to be hearingt about today it has only been the tip of the iceberg. The few percent that we were able to get down to the encounter occurred. And so without further ado let me turn it over to the way to introduce our next speaker. Free throw i allen. Go for it. All yours. T. Introduction. Re fantastic. Where have you here. On behalf of our entire team we have just had the most fun communicating about exploration and just how exciting solar systemar explosion is this week. T but i think pluto is becoming a brand that sellsl th itself. Itself. Nt we dont really have to work, hard. I do wanmet to recognize the team members who were here. We have quite a number of members of the knew horizons team. Stand up and be recognized. Th [applause] [applause] we also have some knew audien Horizons Mission educatorscetand up who are in the audience. Stand up and be recognized. [applause] and finally i would like to recognize one of our science Team Collaborators who is, over from europe to help us ro work with the data a littlea little bit. Some of you may no doctor brian brian. [applause] you make you andyour probably not. I am the guype i am one of those people who has been following your every move on our laptops and tvs and offices and bedrooms. It is a pill to be here. What an amazing achievement. You have inspired the world. Thank you. Thank you. [applause] while you enjoy thisoy beautiful eye candy, the twitter sharing system is you revealed in color. Ell enjoy that view. The spacecraft is doing well. They are a little over 2,000,000 miles on the far aren side of pluto. Forpluto. For me according to plan. Paure we exited the nineday post approach just yesterday. The 1st of our departure science votes,loads, so were looking back at the t planet in a special geometrynd looking at the nice side and doing various experimentsti dow and down making data. Ot we have been downloading ata. Lot of data. Edn we have big news and i expect to live more next friday we have downloaded the even more. I we will have to tell you i am biased, but i think the solar system save the best you some for last. [laughter] [applause] am going to show you some things. Ill start off with a little news and pass it on my colleagues. If i could have the next time stamp the next graphic. Lets seegraphic. Many lets see if we can do now. Theyre it is. That is pluto satellite in its 1st we will result image. Now, lets set of expectations properly. E as little as three months didnt hav ago we deid not have pictures p of pluto is good. Luis this is actually about twice the as many pixels is the bestplut based views of pluto. We arewe are able to determine the size of about 25 miles across a