Plasmodium falciparum populations from Sudan, South Sudan, Nigeria, and Eritrea (A), and pfhrp2 and ... We amplified and scored 7 microsatellite loci for each sample from Sudan, South Sudan, and Nigeria (n = 86), finding 88 unique haplotypes. Two samples shared a haplotype, and we observed 2 instances of multiple haplotype infection. All 7 microsatellite markers were found to be polymorphic. We found a mean of 11 alleles per locus, a range from 6 (microsatellite markers TA109 and 2490) to 16 (microsatellite marker 383) distinct alleles. We found the genetic relatedness of P. falciparum populations to correspond weakly with country of origin (represented by small clusters of 2–3 haplotypes), as compared with the population structure of parasites from Eritrea (Figure 2, panel A). Unlike large clustering of