Leaders from nearly every nation across the world—including Indigenous representatives from North America—will meet today in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, to begin a nine-day climate conference known as the Conference of Parties, or COP28. Representatives from almost 200 countries have gathered for the COP annually since 1994, where world leaders negotiate international environmental treaties aimed at reducing carbon emissions and limiting global temperature rise under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The first legally binding international treaty came in 2015 at the COP in Paris, France, when world countries adopted The Paris Agreement.