Transcripts For KPIX 60 Minutes 20130506

♪ >> pelley: this looks like an arena concert, but it's a private party for the super- rich. the robin hood foundation's annual fund-raiser seats 4,000. >> brothers and sisters of robin hood... >> pelley: billionaires, stars and athletes are here to lay credit cards at the feet of paul tudor jones. >> the risk is not doing it. so, what is this modern-day robin hood doing with all this money? that's our story tonight. >> martin: football is violent, no doubt. but it's nothing compared to war. ( explosion ) and just as the national football league has struggled to come to grips with head injuries so has the military, but on a much vaster scale. >> are these individuals that are going to come back from iraq and afghanistan that have had repeated mild brain injuries, are those going to be like the retired nfl players? they're committing suicide. they have problems with dementia. >> i'm steve kroft. >> i'm leslie stahl. >> i'm morley safer. >> i'm bob simon. >> i'm lara logan. >> i'm scott pelley. those stories tonight on "60 minutes." >> cbs money watch update sponsored by: >> glor: good evening. the s&p opens above 1600 for the first time tomorrow. gas prices have fallen 10 cents in the last month, and wal-mart reclaimed the top spot. i'm jeff glor, cbs news. we went out and asked people a simple question: how old is the oldest person you've known? we gave people a sticker and had them show us. we learned a lot of us have known someone who's lived well into their 90s. and that's a great thing. but even though we're living longer, one thing that hasn't changed: the official retirement age. ♪ the question is how do you make sure you have the money you need to enjoy all of these years. ♪ to try on these amazing depend silhouette briefs.ears. oh, it's cheryl burke! who's this guy? 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>> stahl: he's also a green beret, who, after returning from iraq, had an ah-ha moment when he was talking to a gas station manager in springfield. >> cutone: gang members would come in there, pull out a weapon, point it at employees or patrons, take what they want and walk out. no one was calling the springfield police, and no one was calling the state police. >> stahl: what this community was dealing with was gangs. they are a criminal enterprise. how are they like insurgents in iraq? >> cutone: insurgents and gang members both want to operate in a failed area, a failed community or a failed state. they know they can live off the passive support of the community where the community is not going to call or engage the local police. >> stahl: the similarities to the iraqi town he had lived in and defended were so striking that he sat down and wrote out an action plan for springfield. >> cutone: we had this concept of what we would call a pilot team where you would handpick select troopers, give them specific training and embed them in the community and start winning over the community. >> stahl: he proposed his plan, a counterinsurgency program, to springfield's deputy police chief, john barbieri. but he was saying he was going to bring military tactics into an american city. i mean, you must have had some qualms about that. >> barbieri: well, once it became clear that he wasn't talking about checkpoints or fast roping from helicopters, that he was talking about going door to door, organizing the neighborhood into a collaboration to report crime, to get involved in solving their own problems, it became obvious to me that that was exactly the type of program i needed for this neighborhood. >> stahl: barbieri and trooper cutone took us to a housing project in that neighborhood known as the north end. i heard that there were gang members on motorcycles with ak- 47s on their backs, right out here. >> barbieri: they were very well organized. they had lookouts. they disappeared when the sector cars came. >> stahl: they were just riding right up here in front? >> barbieri: they were establishing the fact that this was their territory, and they were willing to fight to keep it. >> stahl: deputy police chief barbieri was desperate for a way to break the gangs' hold on the community, so three years ago he agreed to let cutone and a small team of elite troopers-- most of them war veterans, too-- target the north end, which had become a violent marketplace for some of the cheapest heroin in the whole country. in addition to drug busts, they walked the streets, knocked on doors, hung out in neighborhood shops trying to woo the locals. >> cutone: here for pastries today, food? >> woman: yes. >> cutone: outstanding. this is the best place in springfield! >> stahl: but there was a lot of skepticism; not everyone welcomed the troopers. >> cutone: i could remember one door, the last knock of the day i had. a grandmother comes out, and she just tee'd off on me. wanted nothing to do with me, used colorful language, said the police were racist, et cetera, et cetera. >> stahl: but they kept at it, almost daily... >> cutone: trooper mike cutone. nice to see you, sir. >> stahl: ...and eventually began developing sources and tips. >> cutone: we're not just using bad guys for information and getting information; we're using the other 99% of the population that live there, winning them over. they become our eyes and ears. and the floodgates have opened for criminal information that we can go after now. >> stahl: the floodgates have opened? >> cutone: yes, they have. >> stahl: that much? >> cutone: yes, that much. myself and the other troopers, my phone is ringing constantly every day, either text messages... they'll send me pictures of where they located guns. they'll send me e-mails of who's selling drugs. >> stahl: one of the keys to building trust in iraq, cutone says, was having his counterinsurgency team move into the town, sending a message: "we're not going away." yeah, but eventually you drive off. >> cutone: we do drive off, but when we drive off, we've given them a template on how to control their town independently and without fear. >> stahl: with the uncertainty about counterinsurgency's ultimate success overseas, the troopers and local police are determined to build something permanent in springfield. >> cutone: as always, remember why we are here. >> stahl: and essential to that is a regular thursday "elders" meeting. local residents come together with politicians, police, health and housing organizations, educators, businessmen and latino leaders. so, how important are these meetings to the overall mission? >> cutone: they're crucial. what we found out is, you had all these different groups that do good work for low income folks in troubled areas. none of them were talking with each other. so, the thursday meeting brought all these people together. karen pullman, a nurse from baystate, raises her hand at one thursday meeting and says, "hey, i want to create a walking school bus." we're like, "what's a walking school bus? that's great." >> stahl: fear of the gangs was so high that parents and kids were often afraid to walk the streets. >> cutone: carlos, miguel. nice to meet you, carlos. >> stahl: now, big, burly troopers and teachers walk neighborhood kids to school. it's a strong visual message to the families there, that the troopers and police are protecting their children and taking control of the streets back from the gangs. >> cutone: and that's the beauty of the thursday meeting. it's empowering the residents and the people that come to it. >> kit parker: lesley, they're just like the village elder meetings i was doing in every village i patrolled in... in afghanistan. >> stahl: major kit parker is a professor of engineering at harvard. he also led counterinsurgency operations in afghanistan. >> parker: the key thing with counterinsurgency based on my experience is: make a friend. make a friend. i don't have to find the enemy, i have to find a friend. if you find your friends, they're going to take you to your enemy. >> stahl: he was on national guard training one weekend two years ago, telling a group from his unit that he wanted to find a police department to test out using counterinsurgency against gangs. believe it or not, mike cutone was in his unit. >> cutone: and then i shared with him, "hey, we're doing this in springfield," and his eyes lit up. >> stahl: his eyes lit up? his jaw dropped, is what he told us. >> cutone: yeah. >> parker: he said he had a bad gang problem in the north end of springfield. he said people were riding around on motorcycles with assault rifles slung over their back. and i got this vision of mogadishu. i got this vision of kandahar province where i saw this all the time-- two guys on a motorcycle, one's got a ak-47 on his back. and then i told mike, i said, "i teach a class at harvard. let me see if i can bring this class in on this." >> stahl: and so, last spring, parker turned his junior engineering class into a counterinsurgency lab. >> parker: help me understand what kind of intelligence i need to collect when i am in the field, whether it is in the north end, i'm on main street standing by the taco truck, or if i am in kandahar city. that's the kind of data i need. >> stahl: parker had his students, with their computer smarts, develop software for intelligence collection. with it, the troopers are building a database of gang members similar to what special forces are doing overseas. >> trooper: you have to do tattoos. >> stahl: the troopers collect data as they book suspects, like criminal histories and tattoos... >> trooper: two tear drops. >> stahl: ...and use the information to make maps of the gangs' social networks-- who they know and who they associate with. once a gang's key figures are identified, the troopers try and remove them from the streets in hopes of fracturing the entire network. >> cutone: hi, ma'am. how are you doing today? >> stahl: cutone brought parker and his students onto the streets of springfield so the class could survey the residents to see if any of the symptoms of that failed community had been alleviated. >> parker: they took a look at everything from s.t.d. rates in neighborhoods where you have gang activity, litter, graffiti, school attendance, all of these things. >> stahl: they found that since the counterinsurgency operation started, north end schools have seen fewer discipline problems and drug offenses, and that litter and gang graffiti is no longer everywhere in sight-- important indicators, parker says, that the community is no longer totally under the gangs' control. >> parker: what we're seeing is that the number of calls for service is going up in the north end. so, that means... >> stahl: they're reporting crime. >> parker: that's right. they're reporting crime. and i see that means the legitimacy of the mass state police and the springfield p.d. has increased, and the residents of the north end realize they are their instrument to clean up their neighborhood. >> teddy cupack: i've been robbed 55 times that the police know about, but not lately. >> stahl: at the thursday community meeting we attended, residents like teddy cupak said this is the first time the police have really made a difference in the north end. >> cupak: this is what i want to get across: this concept does work. it sort of flushes them out. i don't know where they go. i hope they get help. >> cutone: well, hey, teddy, some of them are going to work, and some are going to jail and some leave. >> cupak: that's right. >> cutone: that's my cell number. don't give my cell number out. i don't want to get prank phone calls at 3:00 in the morning. if you are really looking for a job, we know a guy that hires kids and puts them to work doing construction work. >> stahl: let me ask you something. those functions that you are performing, that sounds to me like a social service job instead of a police job. >> cutone: if the government is not going to do it, or individuals aren't going to do it, why can't the police provide leadership or partner up with the community and say, "hey, here's a plan, this is what we want to do to help"? because the status quo of traditional policing, it ain't just going to work. it's not going to work. >> stahl: but you are still making drug arrests. >> cutone: but, see, you are misconstruing it like you're going to eliminate drugs completely. you're not. what you want to do is reduce it to a level where you can manage it and then single them out one by one, versus having it rampant throughout the city. >> stahl: springfield police say they are managing it in their target neighborhood of the north end. they say violent crime fell last year by 25%; drug offenses dropped nearly 50%. >> cutone: how long ago did that happen, sir? >> stahl: to show us how they're using the tips they're getting to fracture the gang networks, cutone took us on a nighttime drug raid. >> police radio: target's out, target's out. >> stahl: it was like a military operation adapted in interesting ways for an american city. >> cutone: they are in what looks a bread truck, an unmarked bread truck. >> stahl: but the bread truck was filled with a swat team looking like soldiers riding into battle. >> police officer: state police, search warrant! state police, search warrant! >> stahl: as they burst in, someone on the second floor hurled something out the window. what do they got? >> cop: looks like a glock. >> stahl: a semi-automatic pistol. they also found around five grams of heroin and arrested three young men the police say are drug dealers, members of a local gang-- one of them just 15 years old. but that wasn't the most important thing the team did that night. very quickly, cutone and the troopers turned their attention to the neighbors. >> cutone: i'm sorry, what is your name? >> carlos: carlos. >> cutone: carlos, nice to meet you. i like your rosary. i got one in my pocket. >> stahl: even on these kinds of operations, they put on the charm offensive. >> cutone: we want to engage these other folks and let them know what's going on and why we're here. >> stahl: and that was part of the operation. >> cutone: absolutely. >> stahl: this summer, mike cutone and his army unit are being deployed to teach counterinsurgency to the afghan forces. having brought what he learned at war home, he now wants to bring what he's learned on the streets of springfield back to afghanistan. >> cutone: good to see you. you take care. >> go to 60mintuesovertime.com for a tour of the harvard laboratory where science meets war. i have never encountered such a burning sensation... until i had the shingles. it was like a red rash. like somebody had set a bag of hot charcoal on my neck. i had no idea it came from chickenpox. it's something you never want to encounter. for more of the inside story, visit shinglesinfo.com trust your instincts to make the call. to treat my low testosterone, my doctor and i went with axiron, the only underarm low t treatment. axiron can restore t levels to normal in about 2 weeks in most men. axiron is not for use in women or anyone younger than 18 or men with prostate or breast cancer. women, especially those who are or who may become pregnant and children should avoid contact where axiron is applied as unexpected signs of puberty in children or changes in body hair or increased acne in women may occur. report these symptoms to your doctor. tell your doctor about all medical conditions and medications. serious side effects could include increased risk of prostate cancer; worsening prostate symptoms; decreased sperm count; ankle, feet or body swelling; enlarged or painful breasts; problems breathing while sleeping; and blood clots in the legs. common side effects include skin redness or irritation where applied, increased red blood cell count, headache, diarrhea, vomiting, and increase in psa. ask your doctor about the only underarm low t treatment, axiron. i watched on television a ten day, six hundred mile race, and i thought, wow. i really want to do that. unfortunately, the reality was that i weighed almost four hundred pounds. for a couple years i just really lost the weight and got in shape. as we were heading towards the finish line, linda starts crying, my friend. and i said, why are you crying?' and she said, well, you just accomplished your goal! wow, i can do anything that i want to do, just looking back on that moment. mutual of omaha. insure your possibilities. insurance. retirement. banking. investments. >> pelley: ask wall street bankers the net worth of paul tudor jones, and they'll tell you $3.6 billion. he's one of those hedge fund managers. but ask a homeless child or a struggling family, and they'll tell you that a spreadsheet is no way to measure a man. paul tudor jones wonders that if billionaires like him are such geniuses, then why do nearly two million people live in poverty in new york city alone? in 1988, he started a charity called the robin hood foundation. 25 years later, robin hood has given away more than $1.25 billion. it's become the city's largest private backer of charter schools, job training and food programs. tudor jones has learned hard lessons; for a latter-day robin hood, it turns out giving to the poor is harder than he thought. and as for taking from the rich? well, he finds it's best to distract them. ♪ this looks like an arena concert, but it's a private party for the super-rich. the robin hood foundation's annual fund-raiser seats 4,000 in manhattan's convention center. >> seth myers: it's amazing who is here tonight. give yourselves a round of applause. it's like the 1% has its own 1%. >> pelley: they laugh because it's true. billionaires, stars and athletes are here for the 22nd year to lay credit cards at the feet of paul tudor jones. >> tudor jones: brothers and sisters of robin hood, new ideas, different ideas, crazy ideas-- those are the ones that change the world. and boy, does the world outside these walls need changing. >> pelley: what do you see when you look around the city? >> tudor jones: i see people in pain, people in need, people at times without hope, looking for something that will give them some compelling future. i see too many people in homeless shelters, on food stamps. i think a lot of us don't like to focus on it, but it's... it's a significant part of this country that needs to be addressed. >> pelley: there was a time he was focused on himself. >> is forty bid and a half? >> pelley: this is paul tudor jones in the 1980s-- age 32-- in a documentary about wall street. >> tell him more behind it. do it, do it, do it. there's more behind it! >> tudor jones: my mother told me i was going to be a preacher. i always wanted to be a millionaire or a movie director. >> pelley: so you chose millionaire? >> tudor jones: i don't know if i chose millionaire. i ultimately got to that point, yes. >> pelley: that point and far beyond. but his mother had seen something of a preacher and, months after that documentary, tudor jones caught a glimpse of it, too. it was 1986, one sunday night. >> reasoner: "millionaire with heart of gold offers hope to ghetto kids." >> pelley: harry reasoner met gene lang, a millionaire who guaranteed college tuition for every kid in one harlem class. >> reasoner: are they good kids? do you like them? >> lang: oh, i love them. i look at them now, all of them, as an extension of my family. >> tudor jones: well, the second that program finished, i picked up the phone. i called gene lang, and i said, "i want to do what you're doing." >> pelley: you know, i'm curious what it was about that program and about where you were in your life that ignited that spark in that moment? >> tudor jones: there was probably a hole in my soul, and i didn't really know it at the time. and all of a sudden, here was this man that showed the joy of giving. so, the lesson that i learned was that there was a whole new journey in my life that was ahead of me that i had not yet even realized was there. >> pelley: so, he adopted a school, too, confident that if he showered it with money, the students would thrive. >> tudor jones: i was throwing everything in the world i could at it. i was taking them on trips every summer and providing after- school services. we put so much time, energy and love into them. >> pelley: but he failed. after five years, the grades in his school were no better than average. >> tudor jones: i felt like i had failed a great deal of those kids. but failure, a lot of times, is the fire that forges the steel for success, right? there are going to be stops, there are going to be failures, there are going to be setbacks. but you grow from those and you get better, and it becomes transformative. >> pelley: turned out a preacher's compassion needed a little wall street ruthlessness. so, tudor jones and his friends set up robin hood to invest in poverty programs in the same hard-nosed way they invested in businesses. their offices are filled with analysts and accountants who help the best ideas develop and measure the results without mercy. >> mary alice hannan: my relationship with robin hood has evolved over the years like mother-daughter, you know, friend and foe. >> pelley: sister mary alice hannan's soup kitchen in the bronx had lived hand to mouth for almost a decade, and then came robin hood with an offer to invest and expand. friend and foe? >> hannan: friend and foe. i mean this in a loving way, but i loved and hated them in 30 seconds. and i'm sure they felt the same way about me. >> pelley: love was nice, but robin hood wanted data. who was being served? how many? what was the cost? did the data support expansion? and where was the nun's business plan? >> hannan: so, i'm like, "okay." >> pelley: you're just trying to get through today? >> hannan: today, right. so, the first thing was a five- year strategic plan. and i went, "ugh, all right." and it was a long, tedious experience, and it was wonderful. and we came up with all these spectacular goals, and that was really, really good. yay, yay! it was the follow-up of the goals that became the challenge. >> tudor jones: we started asking grantees, "what are your goals?," and then holding them accountable. and yet, at the same time, providing management expertise and providing administrative help and legal help and help to secure buildings. so, we weren't just holding them accountable; we were helping them along the way. >> i need two on table nine, please. >> pelley: robin hood invested $5 million in the kitchen's expansion goals, and now they're serving more than twice as many as before. but when programs don't perform, robin hood takes the money back. >> tudor jones: every year, we probably defund 5% to 10% of our grantees-- not because the fact that they're not wonderful, not because of the fact that they're not trying real hard, but because we're not getting the results. >> pelley: you do that to 5% to 10% of your projects every year? >> tudor jones: yes, because we're always trying to find new things, and, by definition, you're going to fail at times. it's what you have to do to be at the forefront of actually finding a way to kick poverty's ass. >> pelley: recently, robin hood's board of directors met at the soup kitchen. the personal net worth of the board adds up to $25 billion. robin hood takes all of its expenses from the board members, so 100% of donations are given to the poor, just like its namesake. >> tudor jones: if you said to me what part of our success is due to our name, i'd say it's a big part of it because it's a great name, right? it says everything. >> robin hood did it. >> pelley: is that what happens at that gala we went to? taking from the rich? you put the arm on them. >> tudor jones: but many years from now, when you look back on your life and you are at your end, would you trade those fleeting luxuries for one chance, just one chance to return to this night and give a hundred thousand people a chance to grab their dream? >> pelley: you were shaking people by their ankles. >> tudor jones: you cannot have significance in this life if it's all about you. you get your significance, you find your joy in life through service and sacrifice. it's pure and simple. >> pelley: big charity galas often bring in $3 million or $5 million; tudor jones took in more than $57 million this night. the money goes to about 500 projects. robin hood spent $130 million last year, with a heavy emphasis on schools. >> pelley: you are graduating your first class. >> jabali sawicki: hallelujah. >> good morning, sir. >> pelley: jabali sawicki is headmaster of what was a crack house, an old school in brooklyn that had been abandoned as the neighborhood collapsed. >> sawicki: it's dilapidated. it's falling down. people walk by, and they put graffiti on it. that's exactly how people viewed african-american boys at the time. how you doing, sir? >> pelley: sawicki was hired by tudor jones. >> i hope that you... >> pelley: and they opened the excellence boys charter school, grades k through 8. tudor jones believes that his experiment with that middle school in the 1980s failed because he caught the kids too late. >> tudor jones: the only way to break the cycle of poverty statistically is higher levels of education attract higher levels of income. the only way to beat poverty in america is to completely, totally transform our public education system. it's the only way. >> one school, one nation. >> pelley: now, robin hood is supporting younger kids in 80 schools. it spent $35 million turning the crack house into a crack program. they call the students here "scholars." the day is long, and they don't waste a minute. >> the square root of 49. >> pelley: not even when they're passing from one class to the next. >> i multiply by five. i divide by two. what's my answer? omari. >> 250. >> 250. correct. daniels. >> pelley: new york city's department of education tells us the excellence boys school is significantly better than average in math and science, and slightly better in english. >> "oh, what evil." >> pelley: the boys have reached the city's top 20% even though some of them start the day in homeless shelters and others in troubled homes. there was a shooting near the school recently. how did the boys handle that? >> sawicki: a tragic event. the father of one of our scholars was murdered one block away. and to make matters even worse, two of our other scholars in the school witnessed the entire thing. >> pelley: what did you tell the boys? >> sawicki: that in 15 to 20 years, they're going to be the men that are out on the street, navigating that world. excellence symbolizes the greatest mechanism for us to create a world where no one ever has to see their father buried, or no one ever has to walk up to the casket, look into that father's closed eyes and ask, "mommy, is he sleeping?" and we told them, "that's why we do this." >> please welcome mr. paul tudor jones. >> pelley: this is the graduation of the first class to go from kindergarten through the eighth grade. >> i want to congratulate you. >> pelley: some of them are headed to top prep schools. when you're standing up there, looking across all those faces, what are you going to see? >> tudor jones: i'm going to see, first and foremost, men of character. >> pelley: after that failure with the older kids, tudor jones is focused now on the starting line. >> tudor jones: today, we're going to blow this. the race starts after you leave this room today. are you guys ready? >> yes. >> tudor jones: i can't hear you. are you guys ready? >> yes! >> tudor jones: ready, set... ( blows whistle ) >> oh, nice to meet you. thank you so much for everything. you've got to be so proud. i am proud. man, you got it. >> pelley: after 25 years of robin hood... >> y'all are fantastic! >> pelley: ...countless lives have been changed, but the city's poverty rate doesn't; it's about 20% year in and year out. if robin hood is a hedge fund for humanity, then a wall street trader would say that tudor jones is buying on the futures market, a bet that investing in young children and families will pay big dividends in the next generation. >> tudor jones: i don't think there's ever actually a point where you can say i won. it's a constant battle. i could see myself, i could see myself with the coffin lid dropping and me, still knocking on the top of it, trying to get out because i think there'll still be a war to fight. >> pelley: and more to do. >> tudor jones: and more to do. i am an american success story. i'm a teacher. i'm a firefighter. i'm a carpenter. i'm an accountant. a mechanical engineer. and i shop at walmart. truth is, over sixty percent of america shops at walmart every month. i find what i need, at a great price. and the money i save goes to important things. braces for my daughter. a little something for my son's college fund. when people look at me, i hope they see someone building a better life. vo: living better: that's the real walmart. she's always been able it's just her way.day. but your erectile dysfunction - that could be a question of blood flow. cialis tadalafil for daily use helps you be ready anytime the moment's right. you can be more confident in your ability to be ready. and the same cialis is the only daily ed tablet approved to treat ed and symptoms of bph, like needing to go frequently or urgently. tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and medications, and ask if your heart is healthy enough for sexual activity. do not take cialis if you take nitrates for chest pain, as this may cause an unsafe drop in blood pressure. do not drink alcohol in excess with cialis. side effects may include headache, upset stomach, delayed backache or muscle ache. to avoid long-term injury, seek immediate medical help for an erection lasting more than four hours. if you have any sudden decrease or loss in hearing or vision, or if you have any allergic reactions such as rash, hives, swelling of the lips, tongue or throat, or difficulty breathing or swallowing, stop taking cialis and get medical help right away. ask your doctor about cialis for daily use and a 30-tablet free trial. [ kids ] yes! it's better to be fast to not be bitten by a werewolf and then you'll be turned into one and you will have to stay in and then you'll have to get shaved because you will be too hot and then you're like... [ growling ] which means i wish i was back to a human. what? [ male announcer ] it's not complicated. faster is better. and at&t is the nation's fastest 4g lte network for your iphone 5. ♪ as your life changes, fidelity is there for your personal economy, helping you readjust along the way, refocus as careers change and kids head off to college, and revisit your investments as retirement gets closer. wherever you are today, fidelity's guidance can help you fine-tune your personal economy. start today with a free one-on-one review of your retirement plan. >> pelley: now cbs news correspondent david martin on assignment for "60 minutes." >> martin: we've all learned a lot in recent years about the dangers of head injuries from contact sports like football. we now know that a hard hit can cause brain damage that only becomes apparent after an athlete's playing days are over. football is violent, no doubt, but it's nothing compared to war. and just as the national football league has struggled to come to grips with head injuries, so has the military, but on a much vaster scale. an estimated quarter million servicemen and women have suffered concussions over the past decade of war. tens of thousands-- no one knows the precise number-- are dealing with lasting brain damage. the pentagon, which did not recognize the problem until the war in iraq was almost over, is now scrambling to treat these invisible wounds, and soldiers suffering from them sometimes end up wishing they had a wound people could see. >> ben richards: if i could trade traumatic brain injury for a single-leg amputation, i'd probably do that in a second. >> martin: you heard that right! retired army major ben richards would rather endure the disfigurement and disability of losing a limb than live with the aftershocks of the concussions he suffered in iraq. the first one happened on mother's day 2007 when his armored vehicle was rammed by a suicide car bomber. >> ben richards: everyone that was in the vehicle walked away with a pretty significant concussion. my head hurt for about a week. i was nauseated for a week. literally couldn't see straight. >> martin: so, what do you do when you have symptoms like that? >> ben richards: go out again and fight the next day. >> martin: what are you doing going back into combat? i mean, you've got men you're responsible for. >> ben richards: exactly. that's why i went back into combat. >> martin: in two months of fighting, seven of the 17 armored vehicles under richards' command were destroyed. richards had a second vehicle blown out from beneath him just weeks after the first. >> ben richards: once again, we all walked out with all of our parts and pieces. >> martin: richards had no visible wound, but he had suffered an injury that would end his army career and very nearly ruin his life. >> farrah richards: he spent a lot of time by himself in closed rooms. >> martin: farrah richards could see her husband was a changed man when he came home, but couldn't see why. >> farrah richards: as a spouse, i wasn't thinking "he has traumatic brain injury." that wasn't even something that i really knew about. >> martin: doctors at ft. lewis, washington, told richards he was simply suffering from post- traumatic stress, a diagnosis that would hang over him for four years. >> ben richards: if you have post-traumatic stress disorder and you... you are not improving through counseling, then it's your fault. >> martin: you're not trying hard enough? >> ben richards: it was my fault that i wasn't getting better. >> martin: not willing to give up on a promising young officer, the army promoted richards and gave him his dream job, professor at west point. but he found himself blanking out in the middle of class. he got this evaluation from the head of his department: "major richards can't teach. unable to accomplish any aspect of his job. unable to come to work on most days. suicide risk high." >> ben richards: i was in such a bad place mentally that i was really looking for a way out. i don't think i was ever suicidal, but i was... i was thinking of ways that i could break my leg or something because two weeks in the hospital, that was a better option for me. >> martin: in the military, concussion was an invisible and therefore neglected wound. it took an outsider-- dr. david hovda, director of the brain injury research center at u.c.l.a.-- to prove to the pentagon that even a mild concussion can result in serious injury. >> hovda: and the thing that was remarkable about this particular image was that this was the face of the hidden wound that people didn't see. >> martin: the brain on the right shows normal activity. the one on the left is a u.c.l.a. football player who had suffered a concussion which left him dazed but able to answer simple questions. the one in the middle is a patient in an unresponsive coma. >> hovda: we scanned both of those individuals. >> martin: the nearly identical images showed hovda for the first time the physical damage even a relatively mild concussion can cause. >> hovda: this was so stark, it looked people in the face, and they said, "this is the face of concussion." >> pete chiarelli: that was a eureka moment for me, absolutely a eureka moment, because that's what we were experiencing down range with our kids. >> martin: retired army general pete chiarelli served two tours as a combat commander in iraq but admits he was clueless about brain injury when he became the number two man in the army in 2008. >> chiarelli: i had no idea that traumatic brain injury and post- traumatic stress were, in fact, the two largest categories of injuries that we had. >> martin: chiarelli found that traumatic brain injury and post- traumatic stress accounted for 36% of the disabling injuries suffered by soldiers in iraq and afghanistan. amputations accounted for 10%. what did you think when you first saw those numbers? >> chiarelli: it just absolutely floored me. i couldn't believe it. >> martin: desperate to do something, general chiarelli brought dr. hovda to the pentagon to brief the military medical establishment. >> hovda: so, i gave my shtick, and then a couple of the... of the medical doctors stood up, and they said, you know, "we really appreciate you coming here, but what you're advising us to do is bad medicine." and i said, "what do you mean, bad medicine?" and they said, "well, if you take an individual out of the... of theater, of a... of a battle and let them rest because they've had a concussion before you put them back in, they're going to believe that they're brain injured, and you're going to make them worse." >> martin: "bad medicine." among doctors, those must be fighting words. >> hovda: yeah, i was very... i was very shocked when i heard that. >> chiarelli: there's a stigma associated with anything that occurs above the neck with the brain, and that same stigma was something that i saw in the military. >> hovda: and general chiarelli called me on the phone, and he said, "now you understand our problem? now you understand how bad it is?" >> martin: chiarelli didn't wait for the argument to be settled. in late 2009, he issued new orders to all army units in afghanistan-- any soldier with a concussion had to be held out of the fight until he was fully recovered. >> chiarelli: but the problem is, if you have a second concussion before the first one is healed, then we see cognitive issues. long-term cognitive issues can develop that cause all kinds of issues. >> martin: it's a problem dr. hovda had seen before as a consultant to the national football league. >> hovda: are these individuals that are going to come back from iraq and afghanistan that have had repeat mild traumatic brain injuries, are those going to be like the retired n.f.l. players that are committing suicide who have problems with dementia? >> martin: while the military scrambled to prevent future brain injuries, a private citizen named arnold fisher-- for years, one of the military's greatest patrons-- set out to help troops already suffering from invisible wounds. >> fisher: we owe them. >> martin: head of one of new york's most successful construction firms, fisher offered to build a state of the art brain injury center. his foundation would raise the money. all he asked of the government was to stay out of his way. >> fisher: we can build it in half the time, half the cost and twice the quality. >> martin: fisher had already built a $52 million facility for amputee care in san antonio. >> fisher: that's their building. >> martin: then he raised $72 million in private donations to build a brain injury center at the walter reed national military medical center just outside washington, d.c. >> fisher: for traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress. >> martin: it opened in june 2010. fisher called the new building the national intrepid center of excellence-- "nicoe" for short. it is a mental health facility like no other in the military. each patient is assigned a seven-person team of specialists and examined by the latest in brain scanning technology. >> technician: we can see the orbits. we can see the inner ear area. we can see the nerves. >> james kelley: this particular machinery gathers 41,000 images, and the conventional m.r.i. scanner would actually capture somewhere between 300 and 400 such images. >> martin: dr. james kelley, the director of nicoe showed us how one soldier's brain looked normal in a conventional ct scan while more sophisticated screenings revealed physical damage. >> kelley: using the more advanced technology called s.w.i. just in that same plane of the brain, there are multiple black dots, unequivocal evidence of traumatic brain injury. >> martin: no more guesswork. i mean, that's... that's a big deal in any field. >> kelley: it's huge. we've been able to detect in more than a third and not quite half of our patients abnormalities that hadn't been seen in any previous imaging. >> martin: nearly half the... the soldiers who come here are seeing for the first time that they have physical damage to their brains. >> kelley: it's between 40% and 50%. >> martin: but here's the catch: nicoe treats only 20 patients a month. so, just a fraction of the servicemen and women suffering from traumatic brain injury ever get in the door. >> technician: all right, here we go. >> martin: what are the estimated number of cases of traumatic brain injury? >> kelley: traumatic brain injury has been diagnosed over the last 11 years in about a quarter of a million service members. >> martin: most of them have simple concussions and will recover. but tens of thousands-- the pentagon is not sure exactly how many-- have serious, perhaps permanent injuries to their brain, injuries which, because they're invisible, can be hard to explain. sgt. allen hill suffered concussions in iraq and afghanistan, but it wasn't until he got his brain scanned at nicoe that he could prove he wasn't just faking. >> hill: there's folks out there that just accuse soldiers of being malingerers, of faking symptoms, and that's like calling me a coward. and i'm not. >> martin: so, when you see that physical damage to your brain, what does that say after a year of being told you were a malingerer? >> hill: makes me want to whip someone's ass for that kind of carrying on. >> doctor: i'd like to show you the brain m.r.i. images that you had done. >> martin: after four years of blaming himself for not getting better, ben richards came to nicoe and found out he was suffering from more than post- traumatic stress. there it is, a significant loss of activity on one side of his brain. >> ben richards: it does seem to really affirm that this is a physical injury. you know, i've actually been damaged. this is not something that's just made up; it really lifts a burden, that there's a reason why i have trouble getting back to that normal that just always seems out of grasp. >> martin: and likely to remain out of grasp, because doctors at nicoe cannot cure brain damage. the best they can do is help soldiers cope with the lasting effects of their battlefield concussions. the science says you should have sat out. if you had to do it over, what would you do? >> ben richards: i could not have made a different choice. >> martin: because? >> ben richards: in the fight we were in... >> martin: it's okay, take your time. >> ben richards: some days, we didn't come back. we were out in our combat outposts five or six days a week, sometimes literally fighting from the walls of our combat outposts. maybe having a little residual traumatic brain injury seemed like the least of our worries. >> marine: how you doing, sir? >> fisher: how you doing? >> marine: nice to meet you. >> martin: no one is more moved by stories like that than 80- year-old arnold fisher... >> fisher: we owe you guys. you, know, we owe you guys a lot. >> martin: ...who is once again a man on a mission-- this time, to raise $90 million to build nine more brain injury centers at military bases around the country. >> manager: you just let me know what you need and when you need it. we'll get it there. >> fisher: i'll hold you to that. >> manager: that's not a problem. >> martin: one of the first is under construction at camp lejeune, north carolina. >> fisher: people say to me the government should be doing this. yeah, the government should be doing this, but they're not. so, we do it. >> martin: nine would enable the military to care for 9,000 brain injuries a year, which is the number of new cases they are expecting even with the war in afghanistan winding down. >> and now a cbs sports update presented by leer camp wells fargo championship at quail hollow, derek ernst beat david lynn in a sudden-death playoff for his first pga title. phil mickelson scwansdered a one-shot lead with two to play. the go-ahead jumper here with 11 seconds left, the thunder beat memphis. in the east, indiana shoots nearly 50% and goes into new york to take game one. for news cbs sports andd information, go to cbssports.com. but yet you have the pain like thousands of needles sticking in your foot. it was progressively getting worse, and at that point, i knew i had to do something. once i started taking the lyrica, the pain started subsiding. 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"a boring, unrepentant individual who really had nothing to say by way of explanation or in his defense." others questioned why the hospitals, despite their suspicions, let cullen move among medical facilities. "the hospitals should be held responsible." "what is most appalling are the numerous informed individuals who passed this man along to continue killing." i'm scott pelley. we'll be back next week with another edition of "60 minutes," and i'll see you tomorrow on the "cbs evening news." captioning funded by cbs, and ford-- built for the road ahead. til dance do we part! the solos are complete... you are the pig to her blanket. that's not breakdancing, that's break-up dancing. don't give up on us america, we're not done yet! now two must dance as one. ♪ you won't run into the top ten appliance brands just anywhere.. only sears carries them all. this is the top 10 advantage. this is sears. a confident retirement. those dreams have taken a beating lately. but no way we're going to let them die. ♪ ameriprise advisors can help keep your dreams alive like they helped millions of others. by listening. planning. working one on one. that's what ameriprise financial does. and that's what they can do with you. that's how ameriprise puts more within reach. ♪ on "the amazing race." some game changing news. leg, you will not only win the express pass you will win another express pass for another team. go! the way they experienced adrenaline rushes. amazing! phil: faced their greatest fears. don't let it kill me. oh, my god, don't let it pinch y thumb. >> i can't. i'm losing strength. phil: and dwelt a heartbreaking njury. >> the achilles tendon is broken as well. formed.liances were >> everyone

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