were a young black man on campus? >> exactly. it mattered that i was being hit by a white officer in that instance, because that was the makeup of that police force. the truth is, you are absolutely right. the violence that i experienced in that moment -- confiscating free newspapers. when you are being hit by that officers baton, did it make a difference if he was black or white? was the bigger issue that you were a young black man on campus? >> exactly. it mattered that i was being hit by a white officer in that instance, because that was the makeup of that police force. the truth is, you are absolutely right. the violence that i experienced in that moment really defined an important part of my life, just like it has for millions of black people. in new york city, for example, greg judge determined the systemic stop-and-frisk policing was unconstitutional, where something like 90% of the