EVEN while Britain was at war with France, Glasgow was getting on with the two great activities that would spur the city’s massive growth in the 19th century – trade and manufacturing. In November 1806, having won the Battle of Jena, Napoleon Bonaparte issued his infamous declaration of Berlin or Berlin Decree. Translated into English, it begins: From our Imperial Camp at Berlin, November 21, 1806. Napoleon, Emperor of the French and King of Italy, considering: 1. That England does not admit the right of nations as universally acknowledged by all civilized people. You will note that Napoleon makes the common mistake at the time and refers to the United Kingdom as England. Too many people around the world still do so.