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Surprising spider hair discovery may inspire stronger adhesives

A recent study by the open access publisher Frontiers shows the first evidence that the individual hair-like structures that form spiders' adhesive feet are far more diverse than expected. By looking at a sample set of these hairs, researchers have found that they have varied shapes as well as attachment properties. Understanding how spiders climb a wide range of surfaces may help scientists design new and better adhesives.

Germany , Stanislav-gorb , Bastian-poerschke , Clemens-schaber , University-of-kiel , Mechanical-engineering , Biology , Iomechanics-biophysics , Cology-environment , Volution , Hemistry-physics-materials-sciences , Aterials

Public concern on human health impact of plastic pollution

The new study, published in Global Environmental Change, found that both Europeans and Australians were highly concerned about the human health impact of marine plastic pollution, ranking it top of 16 marine-related threats in terms of cause for concern, including chemical or oil spills, marine biodiversity loss and climate change related effects such as sea-level rise and ocean acidification.

Australia , Vienna , Wien , Austria , Australians , Mathew-white , Sophie-davison , University-of-exeter-european-centre-for-environment , Human-health , University-of-queensland , Government-department , University-of-exeter

Seabird eggs contaminated with cocktail of plastic additives

Chemical additives used in plastic production have been found in herring gull eggs, new research shows.

United-kingdom , Exeter , Devon , Jon-blount , University-of-exeter-penryn-campus-in-cornwall , Centre-for-ecology , Professor-jon-blount , Penryn-campus , Marine-pollution-bulletin , Biology , Iochemistry , Iodiversity

Lodgers on manganese nodules: Sponges promote a high diversity

Deep down in the ocean, valuable raw materials are stored, such as nodules of manganese. These resources could help meeting our increasing demand for rare metals. In addition to the nodules, there is another treasure down there: A complex ecosystem we barely understand. Researchers from Bremen and the Netherlands have discovered that sponges settling on the nodules provide a home for many other animals. Without nodules, diversity in these deep-sea regions would be significantly lower.

Germany , Netherlands , Dutch , Pacific-ocean , Tanja-stratmann , Senckenberg-am-meer-institute-in-wilhelmshaven , Max-planck-institute , Marine-microbiology , Meer-institute , Clarion-clipperton-zone , Biology , Iodiversity

Nicotinamide can 'immunize' plants to protect from fungal disease

A team led by Kanazawa University, Japan, discovered that applying the vitamin nicotinamide (NIM) to plants prevents development of fungal disease. Pre-treatment with NIM activates the plant immune response and increases amounts of antimicrobial compounds that suppress the growth of the fungus. The results could lead to novel approaches to tackling crop diseases, potentially replacing toxic fungicide sprays with new, safer ways to stimulate the plant's own defense systems.

Nagoya , Aichi , Japan , Ehime , Takumi-nishiuchi , Yasir-sidiq , Nagoya-university , Kanazawa-university , International-journal-of-molecular-sciences , Ehime-university , International-journal , Agriculture

Michigan State scholar receives Gunnerus Award in Sustainability Science

A sustainability scholar noted for his pioneering, holistic work connecting people and nature will receive the first major international prize for outstanding scientific work that promotes sustainable development globally.

China , Norway , Michigan-state-university , Michigan , United-states , American , Norwegian , Teresak-woodruff , Carl-folke , Kamal-bawa , Rachel-carson , Anne-borg

Soot from heaters and traffic is not just a local problem | EurekAlert! Science News

Soot particles from oil and wood heating systems as well as road traffic can pollute the air in Europe on a much larger scale than previously assumed. The evaluation of the sources during a measuring campaign in Germany showed that about half of the soot particles came from the surrounding area and the other half from long distances. This underlines the need to further reduce emissions of soot that is harmful to health and climate.

Germany , Goldlauter , Thün , United-states , France , Laurent-poulain , Hartmut-herrmann , Tilo-arnhold , Eu-commission , Ipcc , Eu-parliament , Head-of-the-atmospheric-chemistry-department

Research grants awarded to regional scientists studying the red sea's coral reef

The Red Sea Reef Foundation has awarded research grants to five scientists from Israel and Jordan who are studying corals in one of the world's largest marine refuges from climate change.

China , Gulf-of-aqaba , Israel-general , Israel , New-york , United-states , Red-sea , Djibouti-general , Djibouti , Jordan , Yarmouk-university , Jordan-general

As a decade of ecosystem restoration kicks off, don't forget the people

Global ecosystem restoration efforts are often measured by billions of trees planted or square kilometers of land restored. But there is a critical void in the agenda: the social and political dimensions that make restoration a success.

Vietnam , Republic-of , Bangalore , Karnataka , India , Kenya , Canada , Ghana , Ruth-meinzen-dick , Deepa-joshi , International-food-policy-research-institute , World-resources-institute

How do plants balance microbial friends and foes?

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IMAGE: Mechanisms of symbiotic engagement -- three principles by which plants may select for or restrict potential mutualists or pathogens.
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Credit: David Thoms, Yan Liang, and Cara H. Haney
Plants are constantly exposed to microbes: pathogens that cause disease, commensals that cause no harm or benefit, and mutualists that promote plant growth or help fend off pathogens. For example, most land plants can form positive relationships with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve nutrient uptake. How plants fight off pathogens without also killing beneficial microbes or wasting energy on commensal microbes is a largely unanswered question.
In fact, when scientists within the field of Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions were asked to come up with their Top 10 Unanswered Questions, the #1 question was "How do plants engage with beneficial microorganisms while at the same time restricting pathogens?" Put more simply, how do plants tell good microbes from bad and what do they do about it? As part of a Top10MPMI review series in the open access

China , United-kingdom , Zhejiang , British , David-thoms , Cara-haney , University-of-british-columbia , Yan-liang-at-zhejiang-university , Molecular-plant-microbe-interactions , British-columbia , Yan-liang , Zhejiang-university