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Gene-cutting system may play second role as a genetic dimmer switch

Gene-cutting system may play second role as a genetic dimmer switch
In a series of experiments with laboratory-cultured bacteria, Johns Hopkins scientists have found evidence that there is a second role for the widely used gene-cutting system CRISPR-Cas9 as a genetic dimmer switch for CRISPR-Cas9 genes. Its role of dialing down or dimming CRISPR-Cas9 activity may help scientists develop new ways to genetically engineer cells for research purposes.
A summary of the findings was published Jan. 8 in
Cell.
First identified in the genome of gut bacteria in 1987, CRISPR-Cas9 is a naturally occurring but unusual group of genes with a potential for cutting DNA sequences in other types of cells that was realized 25 years later. Its value in genetic engineering programmable gene alteration in living cells, including human cells was rapidly appreciated, and its widespread use as a genome editor in thousands of laboratories worldwide was recognized in the awarding of ....

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New SARS-CoV-2 variant emerges in the U.S.

New SARS-CoV-2 variant emerges in the U.S.
Even as the rollout of vaccines all over the world brings a glimmer of hope that the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may end in the near future, new variants continue to emerge, some with the potential to escape vaccine-induced or therapeutic antibodies. Now, a new preprint research paper published on the
bioRxiv server describes a new American variant that may have become the dominant strain in the USA.
New regional variants arise over the course of a pandemic in part due to lockdowns, which restrict the population movement over a period of time. Another factor is the occurrence of multiple mutations at the same time. Epidemiologic surveillance of an infectious outbreak may involve genomic sequencing, which can allow new variants to be identified early in the course of the disease. ....

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Can transgenic mice studies illuminate neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 in humans?

Can transgenic mice studies illuminate neurological complications associated with SARS-CoV-2 in humans?
The potentially deadly coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that has swept the world over the last 12 months has not affected animals with corresponding severity. In order to understand the mechanism of severe disease, animal models have been used. This includes a mouse model that expresses human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2). A new preprint appearing on the
bioRxiv server indicates that this may not be a faithful model of human lethal infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).
In most cases, COVID-19 causes respiratory disease with a wide spectrum of symptom severity, from mild to severe. Critical disease usually terminates in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), often with multi-organ dysfunction. A subset of infected patients also have neurological features, including ....

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Australian lungfish has largest genome of any animal sequenced so far

Paulo Oliveira / Alamy
The Australian lungfish has the largest genome of any animal so far sequenced.
Siegfried Schloissnig at the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology in Austria and his colleagues have found that the lungfish’s genome is 43 billion base pairs long, which is around 14 times larger than the human genome.
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Its genome is 30 per cent larger than that of the previous record holder: the axolotl, a Mexican amphibian that the team sequenced in 2018.
The researchers used high-powered computer sequencers to piece together the lungfish genome.
To account for inherent errors that the sequencers introduce, they used multiple copies of the genome, each fragmented into small pieces of DNA. After all the fragments were sequenced, the team used algorithms to reassemble the pieces into a complete genome. ....

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THE CANDLE: The story of the platypus just gets stranger

The myriad of strange and fascinating creatures covering the planet and swimming in the oceans is nothing short of wondrous. Throughout evolutionary history, a great many wonderfully weird creatures have come and gone. Suppose one explores the Cambrian periodâs fossil beds. In that case, you might speculate you were studying an alien world and not our own. Nature has produced more than a few oddities since the Cambrian period. As science began to uncover our past and explore our present, perhaps no other creature alive today has sparked more curiosity than the duckbill platypus.
The platypus was well known to the native people of Australia. Still, it was a confusing mess to the first British zoologist who studied it. In 1799, George Shaw first pulled a platypus from the alcohol, preserving the specimen. His first thought was that this was a forgery or a joke. He promptly began looking for the stitching where someone had sewed a duckâs bill onto a beaver-like mammal. ....

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