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Identification of an Altered Matrix Signature in Kidney Aging and Disease

Identification of an Altered Matrix Signature in Kidney Aging and Disease
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Gold digger: Neural networks at the nexus of data science and electron microscopy

 E-Mail IMAGE: (a) A Cropped FRIL image used for input (b) Ground truth image annotated by human experts (c) Network-generated image with annotations d. Discriminator network to discern between real and fake images.. view more  Credit: Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience From sample preparation to image acquisition, electron microscopy (EM) requires precise and time-consuming steps to produce the clarity and detail needed to visualize small cell structures with high resolution. Moreover, once EM images are created, extracting the biological information out of them through analysis can be an even more laborious and time intensive task. Especially because current EM analysis software often requires the skilled eye of a scientist to manually review hundreds of images.

Novel method reveals the synaptic basis for feature selectivity

Novel method reveals the synaptic basis for feature selectivity A common analogy used to describe the brain is that it consists of tiny interconnected computers. Each one of these computers, or neurons, process and relay activity from thousands of other neurons, forming complex networks that allow us to perceive our surroundings, make decisions, and guide our actions. Communication between neurons occurs through tiny connections called synapses, and each neuron integrates the activity across these synapses to form a single output signal. However, not all synapses are created equal. Synapses converging onto an individual neuron differ in size, and size is correlated with strength: larger synapses are stronger and have a greater influence on a neuron s output than smaller synapses. But why are some synapses stronger than others, and how does this impact individual neurons processing incoming signals?

New approach reveals structure and function of individual synapses

 E-Mail IMAGE: Multiphoton imaging in vivo provides measures of synaptic activity and function (left), while electron microscopy (right) performed on the same neuron provides structural information at the nanometer scale view more  Credit: Max Planck Florida Institute for Neuroscience A common analogy used to describe the brain is that it consists of tiny interconnected computers. Each one of these computers, or neurons, process and relay activity from thousands of other neurons, forming complex networks that allow us to perceive our surroundings, make decisions, and guide our actions. Communication between neurons occurs through tiny connections called synapses, and each neuron integrates the activity across these synapses to form a single output signal. However, not all synapses are created equal. Synapses converging onto an individual neuron differ in size, and size is correlated with strength: larger synapses are stronger and have a greater influence on a neuron s

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