Insurgent violence is likely to intensify in the run-up to theAmerican presidential election and the Iraqi national elections. The U.S. should rapidly build up, train, and equip Iraqi securityforces; promote federalism to instill stability; bolster the Iraqieconomy by streamlining the disbursement of aid; limit the U.N.'srole; and recognize the role to be played by the leaders of Iraq'smajority Shiite population.