powers. i'm not sure why giuliani is saying it, but fact of the matter, is yes, the president does have pardon powers as it relates to federal crimes he can pardon whomever he sees fit. that's part of the presidential executive powers under the constitution, so -- but as a political strategy, why would giuliani be talking about pardons, i'm not too sure. >> do you have an idea? >> i think it's fairly obvious. he's trying to convince some of the witnesses not to flip. he's floating the possibility that if they hold out and don't cooperate they will get pardoned in the end, ains tra parent strategy. something he can get away with doing because it's very difficult to prove his intent beyond a reasonable doubt. it's meant to undermine -- >> everybody knows what the -- everybody knows what the pardon powers are. to say that rudy giuliani is sending a subliminal message is just ludicrous. >> he says he doesn't plan to