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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

that our desire to have black people, not only vote, but being in control, was something they saw as a fundamental threat. we saw it as a fundamental necessity. - [hasan] they had to meet the same day as the democratic primary, and the may 3rd, 1966, democratic primary was the first primary in the south since the voting rights act. you have african americans who are running against segregationists. well, as it turns out, those black democrats essentially all lose, that white, moderate, alabama vote, that we still waiting on, never materialized. and so all that's left are these black panthers. they spend that summer organizing support for the party, trying to get more black folk registered to vote,

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

negro who was gunned down on the highways of mississippi. - [mukasa] james meredith was a young student that integrated to university of mississippi. - [bystander] go home nigger! - [mukasa] riots broke out, people got killed. james meredith felt that even though you passed the voter's right's bill, people still have fear. and he decided to walk from memphis, tennessee to jackson, mississippi 250 miles with a sign saying, "register to vote, have no fear." and when he stepped out in mississippi, a white man stepped out the bush and shot him in the back. - [hasan] even though sncc activists and sncc organizers were opposed to these large scale demonstrations and marches, they say "we have to get involved." because they were guided early on. this is freedom rise, diane nash. you never let violence stop a protest. you never let violence stop a local movement.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

- [hasan] stokley was arrested in greenwood. and he's hot, he's pissed, right? he's like, "i mean, how many times are we gonna do this?" - [mukasa] stokely came back out of jail. i told stoke, "we gotta talk about black power." and stoke said, "oh man, be cool on that." - [hasan] he heads out that night to the mass meeting that's happening outside. and so he gets up and he's talking about you know, "i've been arrested 27 times or so. i'm not gonna be arrested anymore." and off in the distance is willie ricks saying, "hit 'em with the black power, hit 'em with the black power." - the fact is they kept us out with their guns in the south and in the north with their laws. - now hit it. - now we gonna get something and we gonna get it to representing. now we ain't worried about whether or not it's all black. don't be afraid. - now hit it. - we want black power. - [crowd] black power! - we want black power! - [crowd] black power! - we want black power! - [crowd] black power! - we want black power! - [crowd] black power! - we want black power!

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

- [wendell] we hadn't heard anybody that would talk to white people, the way that sncc talked to white people, straight to their face in a language that they understood. - [hasan] so they fall back and they huddle up. it's like, "okay, well we're gonna tell them to figure out what we gotta do." and carmichael is like, "hey, y'all need to hurry up. you either gonna arrest me or you need to let me do what i gotta do." - [john] and he wasn't afraid. and all those sncc people knew how to work together and help each other and taught us that. - [carolyn] i heard about black people coming from outside the area to organize. just a lot of anxiety about what that was gonna mean. - [margaret] the implications of voting meant that there would be different people in control and very, very much worried about outside agitators. nicorette knows quitting smoking is freaking hard.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

- [hasan] when sncc first comes into the county, they're not staying in lowndes county, alabama. they're going back to selma where sncc's regional headquarters was and they're spending the night there. and then they're getting up early and coming back into the county and that's dangerous. it's dangerous to be on the highway. - [john] i said, my daddy got a empty house. y'all come down there and take a look at it. they came down and my father and stoke and them hit right off. first thing he said to him, "there's no restroom in that house, that's the condition, but y'all welcome to stay here, and you don't have to run back to selma, they're not gonna come here and mess with you. - his land was clear. he didn't owe any money in financing his crops. - [courtland] there was no indoor plumbing, there was no water, there was a pump in the back. they had a roof that leaked, and they had one butane gas heater in the house. so when it got cold, you had to go into one room, but it was very, very important to us because it allowed us to be in the county.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

if he waved them down, and that we had a car that looked like theirs. - [catherine] you know, i was a kid, but i knew that there was a reputation of violence. in my home, we had guns in every corner. my father taught all of my brothers how to shoot. and that was common in every home in lowndes county. - [john] a lot of black people came up missing. that's why it was called bloody lowndes. - [hasan] lowndes county was 80% african american. then at the start of 1965, had zero registered black voters. and that's not hyperbole, right? i'm not saying that there were a couple and we're just saying zero.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

have awakened the conscience of this nation, we shall overcome. - [hasan] this is when we often look away from, sort this moment of civil rights. we say the voting rights act has passed, right? the white folk around the country, you know, in the north are like, "well, what else you negroes need?" right? "you got the voter rights. you know we're done, right?" - [courtland] we weren't just interested in the vote. we were interested in changing who ran the county. if we're 80% of the county, why don't we think about power? because our view was, if you wanted to end the brutality of the sheriff, you needed to become the sheriff. if you wanted better education, you needed to control the mechanisms of education. if you wanted to do the various kinds of tax assessors, tax collector, you needed to assume all those positions. - you weren't talking about overthrowing anything, you were talking about being becoming a part of it.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

i knew my illustrations were going to be really crude and courtland said, "yeah, yeah, you know, i think that could work." - [hasan] and you know, you look at it. and you say like, "i get the sheriff thing. you want to end police violence, but a coroner, a tax assessor, like how is that gonna lead the revolution? but it was critical to the lives of black folk. the tax assessor historically had always overtaxed black landowners and under taxed white landowners and white landowners were the ones who had all the land. and so part of the reason why the county was so poor is because taxes were unequally assessed. - [jennifer] sncc held workshops, both in atlanta and in lowndes county to make people aware of what it meant to hold office. - [john] we had a mass meeting at the church and nominated our candidate.

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

- [john] the majority community was positive about sncc, but they were afraid. some of 'em didn't want to get caught up in they didn't know what was gonna happen. - [judy] we know that there's a reason why it's called bloody lowndes. it is called that because of the absolute unrelenting violence, if you're trying to get black rights. if you're trying to register to vote, if you're trying to get more land, i mean, some of it is just random violence. (siren) i'm amazed that black folks, somehow knowing the violence they've been experiencing all this time before we ever get there, and they still organize, and still they try and vote, and still they do all the things that are about being a vital part of this democracy. - [hasan] stokely carmichael is the project leader. by that time he was a veteran organizer himself. he's still only 22, 23 years old,

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Lowndes County and the Road to Black Power

there were no black people registered to vote in lowndes county, alabama out of some 5,122 who were actually eligible to vote. - [william] people were followed. they would write down people's license plates. people could lose their jobs. your car loan might come due in its entirety, for example, if you were found to be trying to register african americans to vote. (indistinct chatter) - [hasan] john hulett is native of lowndes county, alabama. after high school, graduates from lowndes county training school, leaves lowndes county, alabama, and heads to birmingham. there's a very active naacp chapter in birmingham, alabama and john hulett joins, becomes a part of it. and then in the 1950s, he returns to lowndes county. not because he was driven by a desire to transform lowndes county, but because he had some family issues to take care of, but he also comes back as a registered voter.

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