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Dark energy survey releases most precise look at the universe's evolution

In 29 new scientific papers, the Dark Energy Survey examines the largest-ever maps of galaxy distribution and shapes, extending more than 7 billion light-years across the Universe. The extraordinarily precise analysis, which includes data from the survey's first three years, contributes to the most powerful test of the current best model of the Universe, the standard cosmological model. However, hints remain from earlier DES data and other experiments that matter in the Universe today is a few percent less clumpy than predicted.

Germany , Arizona , United-states , University-of-chicago , Illinois , Maunakea , Hawaii , United-kingdom , Brazil , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , South-korea

Caught speeding: Clocking the fastest-spinning brown dwarfs

VIDEO: CosmoView Episode 25: Caught Speeding: Clocking the Fastest-Spinning Brown Dwarfs
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Credit: Images and Videos: International Gemini Observatory/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva, P. Marenfeld, NASA/JPL-Caltech, R. Hurt (IPAC).
Music: zero-project - The Lower Dungeons (zero-project.gr).
Astronomers at Western University have discovered the most rapidly rotating brown dwarfs known. They found three brown dwarfs that each complete a full rotation roughly once every hour. That rate is so extreme that if these "failed stars" rotated any faster, they could come close to tearing themselves apart. Identified by NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope, the brown dwarfs were then studied by ground-based telescopes including Gemini North, which confirmed their surprisingly speedy rotation.

Arizona , United-states , University-of-arizona , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Ames-research-center , California , Western-university , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , San-diego , Canada

Black hole pairs found in distant merging galaxies

Black hole pairs found in distant merging galaxies
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Arizona , United-states , Tokyo , Japan , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , Virginia , Milky-way , Magallanesy-antáica-chilena , South-korea

Explore the Universe during AstroDay–Chile

Explore the Universe during AstroDay–Chile
newswise.com - get the latest breaking news, showbiz & celebrity photos, sport news & rumours, viral videos and top stories from newswise.com Daily Mail and Mail on Sunday newspapers.

Arizona , United-states , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Argentina , Brazil , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , Canada , South-korea , Spain , Republic-of-korea

Astronomers confirm solar system's most distant known object is indeed Farfarout

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IMAGE: This illustration imagines what the distant object nicknamed "Farfarout " might look like in the outer reaches of our Solar System. The most distant object yet discovered in our Solar System,...
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Credit: NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/J. da Silva
With the help of the international Gemini Observatory, a Program of NSF's NOIRLab, and other ground-based telescopes, astronomers have confirmed that a faint object discovered in 2018 and nicknamed "Farfarout" is indeed the most distant object yet found in our Solar System. The object has just received its designation from the International Astronomical Union.
Farfarout was first spotted in January 2018 by the Subaru Telescope, located on Maunakea in Hawai'i. Its discoverers could tell it was very far away, but they weren't sure exactly how far. They needed more observations.

Arizona , United-states , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Massachusetts , Northern-arizona-university , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , South-korea , Hawaiian , American , Korea

The Spiral of the Southern Pinwheel

The Spiral of the Southern Pinwheel
A camera designed to reveal the deepest secrets of our Universe captures the Southern Pinwheel galaxy in glorious detail
CosmoView Episode 21: The Spiral of the Southern Pinwheel
CTIO/NOIRLab/DOE/NSF/AURA
Acknowledgment: M. Soraisam (University of Illinois)
Image processing: Travis Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), Mahdi Zamani & Davide de Martin
Nicknamed the Southern Pinwheel, Messier 83 (or NGC 5236) is a stunning face-on spiral galaxy located about 15 million light-years away in the southern constellation of Hydra. Its spiral arms are lined with dark lanes of dust and peppered with reddish, star-forming clouds of hydrogen gas. One of the deepest images ever taken of the Southern Pinwheel (combining more than 11 hours of exposure time), this view was captured by the Dark Energy Camera (DECam), which was built by the US Department of Energy (DOE) and is mounted on the Víctor M. Blanco 4-meter Telescope at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO), a Program of NSF’s NOIRLab. Numerous background galaxies, which lie much farther away than Messier 83, appear around the edges of the image.

Arizona , United-states , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Argentina , Brazil , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Chile , Milky-way , Magallanesy-antaica-chilena , Canada , South-korea

Dark Energy Survey makes public catalog of nearly 700 million astronomical objects | US Department of Energy Science News

DOE/Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Shown here is the elliptical galaxy NGC 474 with star shells. Elliptical galaxies are characterized by their relatively smooth appearance as compared with spiral galaxies, one of which is to the left of NGC 474, which is oriented with South to the top and West to the left. The colorful neighboring spiral (NGC 470) has characteristic flocculent structure interwoven with dust lanes and spiral arms. NGC 474 is at a distance of about 31 megaparsecs (100 million light-years) from the sun in the constellation of Pisces. The region surrounding NGC 474 shows unusual structures characterized as 'tidal tails' or 'shells of stars' made up of hundreds of millions of stars. These features are likely due to recent (within the last billion years) mergers of smaller galaxies into the main body of NGC 474 or close passages of nearby galaxies, such as the NGC 470 spiral. For coordinate information, visit the NOIRLab webpage for this photo. (Photo: DES/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA. Acknowledgments: Image processing: DES, Jen Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF's NOIRLab), Travis Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), Mahdi Zamani & Davide de Martin. Image curation: Erin Sheldon, Brookhaven National Laboratory)

Germany , Arizona , United-states , University-of-chicago , Illinois , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , United-kingdom , Brazil , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Milky-way , Magallanesy-antaica-chilena

Doubling the Number of Known Gravitational Lenses

Doubling the Number of Known Gravitational Lenses
Machine learning key to discovery of over 1200 gravitational lenses
CosmoView Episode 19: Doubling the Number of Known Gravitational Lenses
KPNO/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Legacy Imaging Survey
Gravitational lenses found in the DESI Legacy Survey data. Examples of gravitational lenses found in the DESI Legacy Survey data.
KPNO/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Legacy Imaging Survey
Gravitational lens found in the DESI Legacy Survey data. An example of a gravitational lens found in the DESI Legacy Surveys data. The nearly complete circle in the middle of DESI-015.6763-14.0150 is the image of a background galaxy, gravitationally warped (lensed) by the red galaxy at the center into a near-perfect Einstein ring.

University-of-san-francisco , California , United-states , Tenerife , Andalucísp , Spain , Saclay , France-general , France , Shanghai , China , United-kingdom

Giant map of the sky sets stage for ambitious DESI survey

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VIDEO: This is CosmoView Episode 18 for press release noirlab2103: Giant Map of the Sky Sets Stage for Ambitious DESI Survey
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Credit: Images and Videos:
KPNO/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/Legacy Imaging Survey, P. Marenfeld, D. Munizaga, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab.
Music: Stellardrone - Airglow.
Astronomers using images from Kitt Peak National Observatory and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory have created the largest ever map of the sky, comprising over a billion galaxies. The ninth and final data release from the ambitious DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys sets the stage for a ground-breaking 5-year survey with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), which aims to provide new insights into the nature of dark energy. The map was released today at the January 2021 meeting of the American Astronomical Society.

Tenerife , Andalucísp , Spain , Saclay , France-general , France , University-of-arizona , Arizona , United-states , Shanghai , China , Mauna-kea

Mapping our sun's backyard

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VIDEO: CosmoView Episode 20 for press release noirlab2015: Mapping Our Sun's Backyard
Music: zero-project - The Lower Dungeons (zero-project.gr)
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Credit: KPNO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA/P. Marenfeld, International Gemini Observatory/Jacqueline Faherty (American Museum of Natural History)/OpenSpace/Lynette Cook
Astronomers have curated the most complete list of nearby brown dwarfs to date thanks to discoveries made by thousands of volunteers participating in the Backyard Worlds citizen science project. The list and 3D map of 525 brown dwarfs -- including 38 reported for the first time -- incorporate observations from a host of astronomical instruments including several NOIRLab facilities. The results confirm that the Sun's neighborhood appears surprisingly diverse relative to other parts of the Milky Way Galaxy.

New-york , United-states , University-of-california-los-angeles , California , Mauna-kea , Hawaii , Stanford-university , Kitt-peak-national-observatory , Arizona , San-diego , California-institute-of-technology , Canada