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Disproportionate declines of formerly abundant species underlie insect loss

Studies have reported widespread declines in terrestrial insect abundances in recent years1–4, but trends in other biodiversity metrics are less clear-cut5–7. Here we examined long-term trends in 923 terrestrial insect assemblages monitored in 106 studies, and found concomitant declines in abundance and species richness. For studies that were resolved to species level (551 sites in 57 studies), we observed a decline in the number of initially abundant species through time, but not in the number of very rare species. At the population level, we found that species that were most abundant at the start of the time series showed the strongest average declines (corrected for regression-to-the-mean effects). Rarer species were, on average, also declining, but these were offset by increases of other species. Our results suggest that the observed decreases in total insect abundance2 can mostly be explained by widespread declines of formerly abundant species. This counters the common ....

Minas Gerais , Kurskaya Oblast , Fray Jorge , Iv Region , Sankt Peterburg , United Kingdom , Sums Ka Oblast , Galichya Gora , Lipetskaya Oblast , Leningradskaya Oblast , South Korea , Samarskaya Oblast , United States , Sverdlovskaya Oblast , Nizhegorodskaya Oblast , Zaporiz Ka Oblast , New Mexico , Saratovskaya Oblast , Czech Republic , Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge , Murmanskaya Oblast , Rocky Mountain , Nordrhein Westfalen , Netherlands General , Arkhangel Skaya Oblast , Van Dyck ,

Genetic risk converges on regulatory networks mediating early type 2 diabetes

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a major cause of worldwide morbidity and mortality, is characterized by dysfunction of insulin-producing pancreatic islet β cells1,2. T2D genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified hundreds of signals in non-coding and β cell regulatory genomic regions, but deciphering their biological mechanisms remains challenging3–5. Here, to identify early disease-driving events, we performed traditional and multiplexed pancreatic tissue imaging, sorted-islet cell transcriptomics and islet functional analysis of early-stage T2D and control donors. By integrating diverse modalities, we show that early-stage T2D is characterized by β cell-intrinsic defects that can be proportioned into gene regulatory modules with enrichment in signals of genetic risk. After identifying the β cell hub gene and transcription factor RFX6 within one such module, we demonstrated multiple layers of genetic risk that converge on an RFX6 ....

Robertc Turner , Arrojoe Drigo , Foundation For Statistical Computing , Human Pancreas Analysis Program , Islet Distribution Program , International Diabetes Federation Atlas , Rr Core Team , Haplotype Reference Consortium , Human Pancreas Analysis , Cell Metab , Integrated Islet Distribution Program , Applied Longitudinal Analysis , Gene Ontology , Acids Res , Cell Proteomics , Genome Biol , Statistical Computing , Kingdom Biobank ,