criticizing republican parties knowing they can come knock on my door. and yet, it does seem clear there has been a real fall back in democratic health. how to think about that in a rigorous way? >> well, i'll tell you why it's really important to understand anocracy. i've studied civil wars and political violence for 30 years all over the world. and between 2017 and 2021, i was asked to serve on a task force run by the u.s. government called the political instability task force. and our job was to come up with a predictive model of where around the world political instability and violence could break out. we were not allowed to look at the united states, we never talked about the united states, we were studying asia, and central asia, and africa, and the middle east. and we included in the model every possible variable we thought could matter. poverty, ethnic diversity, income inequality, over 30 of them. and only two factors came out highly predictive. the first was this anocracy variable, partial democracies are three times more likely to experience political violence