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Disease Study Genomic Filling Favors Certain Groups

Disease Study Genomic Filling Favors Certain Groups
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Filling in genomic blanks for disease studies works better for some groups than others

Filling in genomic blanks for disease studies works better for some groups than others
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Researchers find genetic variant contributing to disparities in childhood leukemia risk

Researchers find genetic variant contributing to disparities in childhood leukemia risk
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Study reveals genetic variant linked to increased risk of leukemia in Hispanic/Latino children

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the most common childhood cancer, disproportionately affects children of Hispanic/Latino origin in the United States.

San-francisco , California , United-states , Boston , Massachusetts , China , Stanford-university , Dana-farber-cancer-institute , Berkeley , Jun-yang , Jiangxi , Guangzhou

USC researchers find genetic variant contribu

<p style="text-align:start">Children of Hispanic/Latino origin are 30-40% more likely to get Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) than non-Hispanic white children. However, the exact genetic basis and cause of that increased risk are unknown. Now researchers have revealed a key genetic variant contributing towards the increased risk, as well as details about the biological basis of ALL.&nbsp;The research team focused on the&nbsp;<em>IKZF1&nbsp;</em>gene, known to relate to ALL but never before linked with ethnic risk disparities. Using genetic fine-mapping analysis, they independently analyzed each position along the gene&mdash;known as a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)&mdash;to determine whether having a certain variant increased ALL risk. They found three independent SNPs linked to higher ALL incidence, one of which was present in about 30% of people of Hispanic/Latino origin in the U.S. and less than 1%&nbsp;&nbsp;of people of primarily European origin. Although overall risk for the disease is low across all racial/ethnic groups, children with that gene variant, located at SNP rs76880433, were 1.44 times as likely to develop ALL as children without the variant.&nbsp;They also found that the risk variant reduced chromatin accessibility, preventing&nbsp;<em>IKZF1&nbsp;</em>proteins from being fully expressed. In experiments with stem cells, the team found that &ldquo;knocking out&rdquo; the&nbsp;<em>IKZF1&nbsp;</em>gene caused B-cell development to stall in its early stages.</p>

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USC researchers find genetic variant contribu

USC researchers find genetic variant contribu
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Polynesian ancestry linked to obesity, heart failure and diabetes in Native Hawaiians


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A new genetic study of Native Hawaiians by Charleston Chiang at the University of Southern California and colleagues finds that people who have a greater proportion of Polynesian ancestry in their genomes face a higher risk of obesity, Type-2 diabetes and heart failure. The study is published February 11 in
PLOS Genetics.
Previous studies have shown that Native Hawaiians appear to have high rates of cancers and chronic health conditions, especially when compared to other people living in Hawaii. In their genes, Native Hawaiians carry a mix of Polynesian, European and Asian ancestry, but due to the group's small size, there have been few studies of their genetics. To help fill this gap, Chiang and his team examined genome-wide genetic data of about 4,000 self-reported Native Hawaiians to identify regions inherited from Polynesian ancestors, and to find connections to health conditions experienced by the study participants. They found that for every 10% increase in a person's Polynesian genetic ancestry, their odds of being diabetic and having heart failure rose by 8.6%, and 11.0% respectively. A greater amount Polynesian genetic ancestry also was linked to a higher body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat. These associations could be attributed to both genetic and lifestyle or other non-genetic factors linked with Polynesian ancestry.

New-york , United-states , Samoa , Hawaii , Samoans , Samoan , Hawaiians , Charleston-chiang , York-genome-center , National-cancer-institute , Topmed-informatics-research-center , University-of-southern-california