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How crowds affect the performance of discriminated groups | VOX, CEPR Policy Portal


Jan van Ours, Martin van Tuijl
Sports events are a unique public display of emotions and frustrations. In football, the noisy support of spectators is an integral part of the ‘beautiful game’, as each side attempts to intimidate the other and cheer their team to victory (van Ours and van Tuijl 2010). As a mentality of ‘us’ vs ‘them’ sets in, however, support for one’s team often turns into a language of disparagement and insult against the rival, which can rapidly descend into discriminatory and racist behaviour.
The problem of racism in football is well known, but it persists largely unabated. The insults received by black players on the English national team after the recent UEFA European Championship final are only the latest example of a deep-seated problem (Barnes 2018, Giuffrida 2019, Bassam 2020, Sky UK 2021). While it goes without saying that fighting racism in football is a moral imperative, little is known about the impact of racial harassment on the performance of the athletes who are targeted. One may hypothesise, for instance, that intimidation lowers the quality of athletes’ performance and is therefore detrimental to the sport. Uncovering this mechanism would serve the broader purpose of shedding light on the impact of racial harassment on the productivity of economic agents.

Italy , United-kingdom , Romania , Italian , University-of-trento , Sky-united-kingdom , Racial-disparities , Labor-market-outcomes , New-perspective , Earnings-differences-between-black , White-men-since

How Should We Think About Full Employment In The Federal Reserve's Dual Mandate? Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard - At The Ec10, Principles Of Economics, Lecture, Faculty Of Arts And Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Via Webcast)


How Should We Think About Full Employment In The Federal Reserve s Dual Mandate? Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard - At The Ec10, Principles Of Economics, Lecture, Faculty Of Arts And Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts (Via Webcast)
Date
24/02/2021
I want to thank Jason Furman and David Laibson for inviting me to join your economics class. I often found it difficult in introductory economics to connect the abstract concepts in the textbooks to the real-world issues I cared about. So the one message I hope you remember from today is that economics provides powerful tools to enable you to analyze and affect the issues that matter most to you.1

California , United-states , Australia , Japan , New-zealand , Washington , National-bureau-of-economic-research , Bridgewater , South-australia , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , United-kingdom

Full Employment In The New Monetary Policy Framework, Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard, At The Inaugural Mike Mccracken Lecture On Full Employment Sponsored By The Canadian Association For Business Economics (Via Webcast)


Full Employment In The New Monetary Policy Framework, Federal Reserve Governor Lael Brainard, At The Inaugural Mike Mccracken Lecture On Full Employment Sponsored By The Canadian Association For Business Economics (Via Webcast)
Date
13/01/2021
I want to thank the Canadian Association for Business Economics for inviting me to join you today, particularly president Bonnie Lemcke and past president Armine Yalnizyan. It is a pleasure to be here with Carolyn Wilkins.
I am honored to deliver the inaugural Mike McCracken Lecture on Full Employment.1 Widely known for his critical contributions in bringing computer modeling to Canadian economic forecasting, Mike McCracken is perhaps best known for his tireless advocacy that lower unemployment remains the most important goal for the economy, which is particularly resonant for me, along with his emphasis on thinking critically and expansively about full employment.2 A similar theme was highlighted by community and labor representatives as well as educators at our 

Stanford , California , United-states , New-york , Washington , Canada , Chicago , Illinois , San-francisco , Jackson-hole , Ottawa , Ontario

College acceleration for all? Mapping racial gaps in Advanced Placement and dual enrollment participation | American Enterprise Institute

College acceleration for all? Mapping racial gaps in Advanced Placement and dual enrollment participation | American Enterprise Institute
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Texas , United-states , New-york , Tennessee , Florida-state-university , Florida , Crediton , Devon , United-kingdom , Cambridge , Cambridgeshire , Memphis