Israel’s list of concerns is long, but it also views many of them as interconnected. Israel has faced Iran’s threats to develop a nuclear weapon for more than a decade. Now Tehran is once again indicating it may enrich uranium upwards of sixty percent and is moving to install advanced centrifuges at Natanz and Fordow, key nuclear facilities. While Iran’s posturing may be designed initially as leverage to get the United States to enter a new nuclear deal, as Washington once signed in 2015, the larger context is how Israeli strategy sees the threat. In a conversation with a senior defense official in Israel, the key issues facing the country’s regional assessment were laid out. What follows is based on the discussion with the official, underlining some key assessments of the region and the U.S. approach today. It also touches on Israel’s hope that France’s President Emmanuel Macron will support Israel’s position and the larger regional partnerships Israel now has in the Gulf. With a new U.S. administration, there are expected changes in how much focus will be placed on the Middle East by President Joe Biden and his team. His phone calls to world leaders bypassed Israel initially. Now he is reaching out, but expectations are that he will focus on the domestic Covid-19 crisis and also big picture issues like China’s challenge.