able to determine that china has i high altitude balloon program for intelligence collection. we assessed that at this time, these balloons have provided limited additive capabilities to the p. r c's, other intelligence platforms used over the united states. but in the future, if the p r c continues to advance this technology, it certainly could become more valuable to them. ah, type of quick check in the headlines here at this hour. it's been a week since to devastating earthquakes, hit turkey and syria, and the urines. now warning, the rescue phase of the response is coming to a close. the focus is now switching to caring for survivors. more than 37000 people have been declared dead across the 2 countries. the toll is expected to rise. some is they dam has more from no dia in south eastern turkey. but a lot of the focus is going to be shifting. it's already started for a while, but it's going to be intensifying on the needs of those many who have survive. remember that the turkish president said, hundreds of thousands of buildings are uninhabitable. how many people does that leave? too many for authorities to has to house and they've been going through, you know, their resources as much as they can to try and provide temporary shelter to put people up in public buildings in schools, in dorms and so on. but there's a lot of people will against all odds. a small number of survivors have recently been found. a 13 year old was rescued on monday, after a 182 hours under the rubble of a collapsed apartment building and had a in addie, a man. a young girl was rescued after being trapped for more than a 170 hours. the un says syrian president, bashar al assad has agreed to allow a deliveries to be rebel held northwest through 2 additional border crossings. aid has been slow to arrive in the country, which has already been ravaged by 12 years of civil war intern is here. police arrested the head of mosaic fm radio, a private station known to deal with social issues. the station wrote in a statement that already and but ours house was searched before he was arrested rights group, say political freedoms, have been slider since president chi said shut down parliament in 2021 and took control of the judiciary. so those are the headlines. the news continues here now to 0 after people in power station. thanks for watching o rushes war in ukraine has dominated well need for the past 12 months. devastating to those in the line of fire or directly impacted. it has strengthened global alliances and deepened divisions with far reaching effects on the lives of millions of people. well, white in a week had special coverage. al jazeera explores every aspect of the conflict, the human, the political, and the economic, and the possibilities of resolution. ukraine war, one year on, on out there. ah, fixed rainstorms, wildfires rising sea levels. the results of global warming have become ever more evidence in recent years. but how different might things have been had an industry which knew about climate change? long before the rest of us acted on that evidence. instead of trying to deny it. in the 1st 2 episodes, a team of swiss filmmakers examines big oils unhappy relationship with the true. ah ah, climate change is an established fact. a now undeniable truth. the world is getting warm a year on year and from many the consequences are already devastating. belatedly, governments are reacting and solutions are being sold and pursued with varying degrees of success. but why can we pay more heat to the warning? what if we that had probably on what was known about global warming decades ago? why didn't we do something about life threatening carbon emissions when we had the chance? the answer to those questions and now becoming clear. but for decades they'd been concealed behind a curtain of deliberate deceit and willful denial. the tragedy is it could all have been avoided. i feel like there's always a connection with my ancestors here. i know that every piece in the bar care, every strip of it, every layer that inside every ring of the tree there, the part of their dna is a part of their energy here. because they were here when this tree stood, where grass and things were around, it has that of now where it's holding on to it looks like it's wine all day each time that i've been here it's, it's changed something that was standing isn't standing anymore. mm. until a few years ago, this beach in the southern united states was densely forested. today, the trees are dead and dying husks poison by salt water. queen quit as the leader of an african american community in south carolina. they've lived on this land for centuries on the now very vulnerable to climate change, your need all the get to the or line anywhere here to see how climate impacts us. we have seen the sea levels rising. we have experienced more intense, hurricanes, and we've ever experienced them my entire life. and so for years, we were saying to people to politicians con, look at what's happening. there is something wrong in the land of the road into fast and trees. the whole lay down. okay, so if the trees are laying down, you should accompany attention to them. they that hear me nothing in this inexorable rise in sea levels is one of the most dramatic consequences of global warming. but similar effects can be seen everywhere. ah, even the glassy is on our highest mountains, a melting from the alps to the himalayas the planet just keeps getting hotter. humanity is now at risk, but it's also responsible for this catastrophe because of its addiction to fossil fuel. it needn't have been this way. 40 years ago, the world's major oil produces new, their products were threatening our climate. they could have changed course, but they didn't. and so neither did we. the most shocking thing we've learned in the last 5 or 6 years is that the oil companies, the biggest companies in the world, had their own science programs inside the company. they had a very deep understanding of the climate crisis before the rest of us didn't really feel more than 20 is current. davis has been investigating the role played by big oil in the climate crisis. they were aware that the issue is going to get worse. and yet they did not tell anyone else about this knowledge. they didn't tell governments, they didn't tell the public, they her said it publicly. so that's where the, the crimes. ah, this is the shocking story of that disregard a story of full wasted decades of denial and misinformation. time that could have been better spent helping his old transition to a fossil fuel free world. ah ah father, over the atlantic a flying observer. in the early 19 ninety's, the shallow oil company produced a film about scientists that explained why they were taking gas samples from the air and measuring the temperature of the oceans. it was all to study that climate shell was looking into the impact of its products on the atmosphere, its competitive world doing the same. so towel b. p, chevron, and especially the american old giant ex. we tracked down one of the key members of the exxon research team from that time, now retired and living in florida. the weather is unusually bad in a place better known for its sunshine. even here it seems. climate change is making its presence felt. martin hovered, a former professor and atmospheric physics now spends his days building muddle aircraft. but at new york university in the late seventy's, he was one of the 1st scientists to model climate change. i had enough evidence that i thought the greenhouse effect would begin to warm the atmosphere sometime in the late 19 eighties and the 19 lined these we would start to see the effect based on our calculations. when we ran our models, we were able to show that a continued business as usual use of fossil fuels would lead to unprecedented climate change, at least unprecedented. for the period of time that humans lived on the earth. in 1981, exxon hired professor hoffa as a consultant, alongside of the scientists. his special field was atmospheric projections and one of the most astounding of them dates from 1982. in a few words, can you tell us what it shows? well, the script basically shows the build up of 2 quantities. what is the concentration of atmospheric c o 2 and parts per 1000000 and the other is the average temperature increase of the earth. we had prepared this calculation for internal review and it was a calculation basically of how the earth would warm if we continued according to a scenario called business. as usual, the graph projected the increase of c o 2 in the atmosphere calculated in parts per 1000000 or p p. m, on the right is the projected increase of the earth's temperature. remember these calculations from 1980 to the graph at later transpired full parts of a much larger, confidential filed on greenhouse gases, only recently revealed in the u. s. median. together. the documents prove that even 40 years ago, exxon you all about the risks related to the combustion of fossil fuel. to fully understand the significance, we showed them to swim, professor sonya, and never retinue. one of the world's most respected climatology. give up on the 2nd half 60 cassiano gap on plenty to mid advantage of walker on the at the place. yeah, of course we'll touch on to the cat. solvent vpn is a plesk exact, a lot of causal hassan, katie, i thought of commander than if i say, when i type in causal high school to cut on this knife at the p. m. skill, i miss you on that p. o jimmy, missouri dad and also has also to it though she vanilla. it also had to keep the previewed uncle shep upon to invent, to look toward the under global natural to build sits our fed dancler and jenny have for jacqueline colanda. daniel, the sydney on that title batch of that the cloud pond claim professor. so never retina is one of the offers of a landmark report from the u. n's into governmental panel on climate change. the i p c. c. that 1st confirmed the increasingly devastating impact of human activity. now it's no longer a matter of projections but exact measurements of what's happening. so self evidently causes hasanti cylinder. tonic must have said to measure mescal and an image of the pre a propeller for this. and if i called the wrong vehicle mansfield and on that on at montana committed the on that tampa play catch on his no fur bbm land. basil. when i visual no graphic sensitive pin skis as a preview is false. good sky of, hey, our 2nd was sent, settlement there, sorry, nick, so hobbling faith. i me. i plan him in the us, the revelation of the exxon documents caused a political stall adding to the growing determination of many democrats in congress to find out more back in 2019. some of them had already begun to hold hearings into the oil industries hitherto secret research. do you swear or affirm that the testimony you're about to give is the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth. so help you god, dr. her for your for she the star witness. professor martin hoffer to the panties gruff i to mourn. doctor, have you worked with exxon, was focused on the carbon cycle and climate modeling. i had a slide up here and so 1982 is 7 years before i was even born. exxon accurately predicted that by this year, 2019 the earth would hit a carbon dioxide concentration of $415.00 parts per 1000000 and a temperature increase of one degree celsius. dr. hoffer is that correct? we were excellent scientists. yes you are. yes, you are. so they knew they knew and i, i presume they knew what some of the consequences of that one degrees celsius change would be. some of them, not all. absolutely. i would like to have an opportunity to discuss that if someone asks me. martin hoffer confirmed to us that his disturbing projections were passed on to exxon management at the time. but in 1987, 6 years after being hired, he stopped collaborating with the oil giant, realizing that it wasn't going to be deflected from its main aim, making money. i was there because i thought that i could, i mean this was very naive of me. i thought that i could influence them to change their business plan. but you must understand that exxon was producing quarterly earnings of tens of billions of dollars. the stockholders were making a lot of money. however, we're destroying the planet. the people would say, well, i won't be here in 20 or 30 years. was this cynicism or simple greed? perhaps we'll never know exactly why exxon and other old companies didn't listen to that. scientists. what we do know now is that they launched a gigantic parallel campaign to undermine their science. current davis is the founder of the climate investigation center in washington, and he's assembled dozens of documents on this disastrous strategy. in private rooms, multiple companies, multiple industries are taking this on like a war. they really are fighting a very serious battle and their i was against science. it was a war against science. exactly. they, they were fighting the trend that people were starting to look at the health impacts of climate change. they were very upset that we were talking about whether extremes connecting it to climate change. anything that anything that raised the public awareness or raised political energy around this issue, they tried to kill it as far back as 1988. they began sewing the 1st seeds of doubt . for example, in this internal memo, an exxon executive acknowledged that the greenhouse effect was a crucial issue, but recommended that in public, the company highlight uncertainties about climate studies. emphasize the uncertainty and scientific conclusions regarding the potential enhanced greenhouse effect. it would be a regular tactic of big oil in the years that followed or this is will exxon c e o said to a 1996 conference of his peers. lead is that the oil industry is largest companies . proponents of the global warming fear say that higher levels of greenhouse gases, especially c o 2, are causing world temperatures, the rise, and that burning fossil fuels as the reason that scientific evidence remains in conclusion, as to whether human activities affect the global climb. so there is simply no reason to take drastic action now. meanwhile, the oil johns were quietly taking action themselves. one of the things that's come to light is that at the same time exxon and other companies, they were actually fortifying their own facilities. they were trying to make their own oil rigs stronger to guard against more extreme weather events. we only know part of it when, if the truth is, is fully told. we'll understand that more. but you know, if they were protecting themselves and leaving the rest of us unprotected, that's a terrible act. then in december 1997 came a fateful date for big oil in kyoto, a 192 countries, including the united states. and many european nations, signed a landmark agreement committing themselves for the 1st time to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. the trend is clear. for our part, the united states remains firmly committed to a strong binding target that will reduce our own emissions by nearly 30 percent from what they would otherwise be a commitment as strong or stronger than any. we have heard here from any country for the american oil executives, kyoto, posed an existential threat, implying decreasing consumption of their product and eventually the end of their business model. so they began questioning the basic legitimacy of climate science. that was the objective of this action plan produced in 1998 by the american petroleum institute. it was a blueprint for battle with 2 main targets public opinion and the media victory will be achieved when everidge citizens understand recognize uncertainties and climate science. recognition of uncertainties becomes part of the conventional wisdom media understands, recognizes uncertainties and climate science over several pages of what's now called the victory memo. they sent out that tactics and requirements for funding the launch of a major, this information operation. within this campaign, they target politicians of course, but they're also targeting every, every one, all of us they're targeting the media media outlets trying to influence the way the issue is covered. and in some of these documents, they're even targeting school teachers. they put out their own lesson plans to try to get balance into the school systems. so they know that the concern about climate change starts very young and they want to manipulate children. they want teachers thinking about it. they want people debating whether this is a problem or not. eventually, the lobbying campaign would cost the fossil fuel industry hundreds of millions of dollars. but according to environmental activist rich and wilds, it was to prove remark could be effective over many years. they succeeded with money, right? i mean, the number of ads that they run is just mind blowing. they started in the late eighty's early ninety's, bombarding the public with either the notion that climate change is uncertain, that it may not happen now. it won't be that bad. we can't survive without oil and gas. if we don't have oil and gas, you won't be able to drive a car. you won't be able to heat your home, both of which are patently untrue, obviously. but you know, with enough money and enough advertising, you can convince people of just about anything. and that's what they've done. probably the worst thing is that they were deliberately manipulating facts to protect their profits. and they did not want to be blame. they did not want to be regulated, they did not want to be controlled. seeking a response to these allegations. we approached the american petroleum institute in washington, the u. s. oil and gas industries, main trade association. after numerous emails and requests for an interview, we finally received one short statement. the record of the past 2 decades demonstrates that the industry has achieved this goal of providing affordable, reliable american energy to you as consumers, while substantially reducing emissions and our environmental footprint. any suggestion to the contrary is false. the statement didn't answer any of our questions about the industry's disinformation campaign, which appears still to be ongoing. it certainly spread everywhere else, even to switzerland. here it's permeated public debate and influence the media, giving undue credence to those attempting to undermine scientifically established facts. professor martin rebecca, a at the university of no chatelle has been a climate ologist for 40 years. she's been on the receiving end of disinformation many times in her career. regret every them or said power. the federal soft, cur. ah, on her sasha may or will go choir cousin, sorta chauffeur, maker or near us ethan to to put on the plan bar li limousine. kiss um pause la palmer for customer tova fossa de la design for my sure. she did pleasure. chris bisco fits at dylan. michelle debrel with kim avi contacted almond. i'm on dos ish grove, and your expertise on marlin don't go to her or more on streets and on more shady way a pre illusion. alistair medea, amir eskoville, can the clerical khaki dealer compare a machete, mer best son padilla corpus assess of while, but by the local part of the this she's her kiss, or kisse or so me. with this french language television show from 9093 feature the lecture from the swift federal institute of technology. despite increasing evidence about the human causes of climate change on, he strongly expressed his doubts also. s girl is activity man brought in powder as possibly to doll fitzgerald on his wolfman. a bahamas, but one 0 don't, i'm isabel herself. mar pcb is activity, man. don't clash it. sit down. i'm a software. i don't, don't have to admit issues behind. now, clothes shipping littered over many years, whether in the written press or on radio or on t. v. climate scientists have encou