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The Rachel Maddow Show

they, too, would start segregated lunch counter sit-ins. they would have young black people sit down at the whites only lunch counters in segregated downtown jacksonville, florida. first one was august 13th. they were berated and attacked. the lunch counters were actually closed down in the middle of the day rather than serve those young people. the lights were turned off. the kids nevertheless decided that they would keep doing it and they would expand it to include all the segregated lunch counters in downtown jacksonville. that first peaceful nonviolent sit-in had been on august 13th. by august 16th, they had not just resistance and attacks in the moment they had organized resistance. the white citizens council in jacksonville convened a meeting august 16th in which they pledged they were going to stop these kids, stop these young people from what they were doing at all costs. by august 24th, not yet two

People , Lunch-counters , Florida , Downtown-jacksonville , Sit-ins , Lunch-counter , Whites , August-13th , 13 , One , Kids , Middle

The Rachel Maddow Show

hundreds of white men running through the downtown chasing people down and beating them with ax handles, after that initial, frenzied attack, the rioting in jacksonville actually continued for two more nights. the "florida town union" the white paper of record did not see fit to mention it. it was just a hurricane of violence. in the end, the kids, the young people who organized those protests at the lunch counters, they won. they started those protests like i said in august, 1960. by the spring of 1961, jacksonville had quietly integrated its downtown lunch counters. and it took longer but the "florida times union" newspaper in recent years has tried to make up for the dismal role that it played in these events. it has in years since covered

To-jacksonville , People , Men , Attack , Ax-handles , Hundreds , Rioting , Initial , Downtown-chasing , Two , Kids , Violence

The Rachel Maddow Show

downtown jacksonville and ostensibly were targeting the young people, the naacp youth council that had been carrying out the nonviolent civil disobedience at the lunch counters. but turns out the klan couldn't contain themselves and it turned into just a free for all. and, yes, the naacp youth council was set upon, airman second class alton yates was cracked across the skull. they also just went after everybody who was black in downtown jacksonville that day including women and kids and men who had nothing to do with the demonstration at all who were just passersby. this photo appeared in "life" magazine at the time. you see that young man bloodied and dazed. he actually was not an activist. he had not been part of the lunch counter sit-ins at all. his name was charlie griffin. he was just a high school junior, just a bystander.

People , Lunch-counters , Youth-council , Downtown-jacksonville , Klan-couldn-t , Local-naacp , Civil-disobedience , Airman-second-class-alton-yates , Naacp-youth-council , All , Yes , Skull

The Rachel Maddow Show

greensboro, north carolina, had started this new tactic sitting in at segregated lunch counters. that tactic moved from greensboro, north carolina and soon spread all over the south. by august, 1960 it had spread to jacksonville, florida, the home of alton yates. a local naacp in 1960 had a youth council. the president of the youth council was all of 16 years old. he was a high school student named rodney hearst. the vice president of the naacp council in jacksonville was this recently discharged hero airman, alton yates. and under their leadership, this high school kid and this recently discharged hero, usairman, the naacp youth council in jacksonville, florida decided in 1960, august, 1960, august 13th to be specific, that

Lunch-counters , It , Tactic , August , South , Greensboro , North-carolina , August-1960 , 1960 , To-jacksonville , Airman-second-class-alton-yates , President

The Rachel Maddow Show

the informant said the klan's initial plan had been sort of theatrical. they planned to have a white woman pretend to have been attacked by young black men who were trying to desegregate the lunch counters. they said that the plan was to, the informant said the plan was to get this woman near to where the sit-in demonstration was happening and then she would collapse and say she had been attacked and that's why she collapsed. and they thought that would give the klansmen all the cover they'd need to open up the gates of hel in downtown jacksonville. in the end though that was their plan they decided they didn't need the pretext of the woman pretending to be attacked, the woman pretending to collapse. the klansmen stashed ax handles and baseball bats in the bushes at a downtown jacksonville park. they went and retrieved them from that park. they handed out more of them from a vehicle, some sort of van or truck, and then these klansmen, something like 200 of them, just mauraded into

Klan , Lunch-counters , Young-african-american-men-and-an , Plan , Informant , Men , Theatrical , Sit-in-demonstration , Downtown-jacksonville , Klansmen , Gates , Ax-handles

The Rachel Maddow Show

jacksonville park. they went to retrieve them from that park. they handed out more of them from vehicle. some sort of enter track. and then these clansmen, something like 200 of them just murat it into downtown jacksonville. and they of sensibly were targeting the young people. the naacp youth council that had been carrying out the non violent civil disobedience at the lunch counters. but it turns out the klan couldn't contain themselves and it turned into just a free-for-all. and yes, the naacp youth council was set upon. second class, alton yates was cracked across the skull. but they also went after anybody who was black. in downtown jacksonville that they. including women, and kids, and men who had nothing to do with the demonstration at all. we're just passersby. this photo appeared in life magazine at the time.

Something , It , Downtown-jacksonville , Clansmen , Sort , Downtown-jacksonville-park , More , Sensibly , Vehicle , Enter-track , 200 , People

The Rachel Maddow Show

hero, the naacp youth council in jacksonville, florida. decided in 1960. august 1960. august 16th to be specific that they too would have segregated lunch sedans. they would have black people say that the white lunch counters and segregated florida. the first one was on the 13th. they were buried it, attacked, the lunch counters were closed down in the middle of the day rather than serve those young people. the lights were turned off. the kids, nevertheless decided that they would keep doing it. and they would expanded to include all the counties in downtown jacksonville. the first one had been on august 13th. by august 16th, they have not just the resistance of attacks but in the moment they had an organized resistance. the white citizens council in jacksonville convened a meeting august 16th in which they

To-jacksonville , Youth-council , Local-naacp , Florida , Hero , August-16th , 1960 , August-1960 , 16 , People , One , Lunch-counters

The Rachel Maddow Show

and when it came to the race riot on august 27th, they buried coverage of that on page 15 at the paper. which is all the more amazing when you consider that after the initial frenzied attack, hundreds of white men running through the downtown, chasing people down and beating them with axe handles. after that initial frenzied attack, the writing in jacksonville actually continued for two more nights. the florida times union, the paper, the wreck paper, they did not seem to mention. it was just a hurricane of violence. in the end, the kids, the young people organized the protests over the lunch counters. they won. they started those protests, like i said august 1960. by the spring of 1961, jacksonville had quietly integrated its downtown lunch counters. and, it took longer, but the

Men , Attack , Page , Paper , Coverage , Downtown , Hundreds , Race , 27 , 15 , August-27th , People

The Rachel Maddow Show

into jacksonville the following saturday, august 27th. whereupon they would've stashed baseball bats and ax handles. to use as their weapons. the informant said that the cohen's initial plan had been theatrical. they had planned to have a white woman for tend to have been attacked by young, black men who are trying to desegregate the lunch counters. they said that the plan was to, the informant said that the plan was to get this woman near to where the sudden demonstration was happening. and then she would collapse. and say that she had been attacked and that's why she had collapsed. and they thought that that would give the clansmen all the cover that they need to open up the gates of hell in downtown jacksonville. in the end though that was their plan. they decided they did not need the pretext of the women pretending to be attacked. the women attending to collapse. the clansmen stashed back sandals and baseball bats in the bushes in downtown

Plan , Informant , Ax , Baseball-bats , Weapons , Handles , Following , Cohen , August-27th , 27 , Saturday-august-27th , Woman