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jerusalem. >> while the name joseph appears on 7 percent, jesus on 4 and james on 2 percent, fuchs concludes it's improbable that another family combining these three names existed. >> it is very likely, in my opinion, the james on this ossuary is the james who is the brother of jesus. >> the likelihood that this could be some other family with those three names, where the father is joseph and the two brothers are james and jesus, seems very unlikely. ♪ ♪ >> two thousand years ago, everything changes for the brothers, jesus and james, when joseph dies. >> we really don't know when
>> back in 1970s jerusalem, there is a vibrant market for antique ossuaries. >> i didn't see anything particular in this ossuary. it was sat for many years at my parents' apartment together with several other ossuaries that i purchased at that time because i didn't put any special attention to this ossuary. >> but in april 2002, golan invites andre lemaire, a renowned scholar of ancient aramaic, to examine some items in his collection. lemaire's attention is immediate drawn to the unidentified ossuary golan bought 30 years before. lemaire deciphers the mysterious inscription. it reads, "james, son of joseph, brother of jesus." >> he found that there is a very high probability that it
james together as children. >> joseph sent james into the forest to gather sticks. jesus also went with him. ♪ ♪ >> the gospel continues: an abominable snake bit james on the hand, and as he lay dying, the boy jesus ran to james and did nothing but blow on the bite, and immediately the bite was healed. >> james is put there with jesus from the very beginning. we see an organic connection
>> matthew 1:25 says literally, "joseph was not knowing her in the carnal sense until she gave birth to jesus." now, any normal reading of that sentence implies she went on to have more children after that, and his brothers and sisters are in fact his brothers and sisters. >> the bible tells us very little about the early life of jesus. >> the gospels really fast forward almost totally until he's 30 years old, and he's the son of god. what about all those missing years when he was a teenager playing around with his brothers, getting into trouble? >> written around 100 years after jesus' death, the infancy gospel of thomas is a collection of stories about his childhood. >> there is a peculiar story about james, and it's an interesting picture of jesus and
an ossuary, scientifically dated to the time of christ. on its side, an inscription in ancient aramaic which reads "james, son of joseph, brother of jesus." >> it came just as we'd crossed the millennium threshold. we'd already had the y2k bug. we had the pope's millennial visit to the holy land, and this seemed to be another one of those sort of millennial happenings. >> it's claimed that this box, measuring 10 inches by 20, is no less than the burial casket of james, the brother of jesus christ. >> the ossuary is so important, not just for the fact that it says, "the brother of jesus,"
joseph died, but somewhere about 27 ad, joseph is nowhere on the scene. >> family is the central core of first-century jewish society. they had lost somebody who could be providing for this family who were essentially living at a kind of subsistence level. the family would really have relied on jesus to pick up the slack, to provide it for the family. they would have really needed his income. >> but aged around 30, jesus makes a life-changing choice. >> jesus leaves the family and goes walkabout in galilee and judea. >> according to the gospels, jesus seeks out john the baptist on the banks of the river jordan. ♪
as well as james, there's joses, judas and simon alongside at least two unnamed sisters, but exactly whose offspring these other children are is still the subject of debate. >> for catholics, there is an emphasis on mary's virginity. she was not only a virgin at the time of jesus' conception and birth but also afterwards, so that's why i like to think of james, the brother of jesus, as probably a child from joseph's prior marriage, before he married mary. >> but not all christians are in agreement. >> the protestants would say there are other children that are the biological kids of mary and joseph, in which case jesus would be the older brother and perhaps the other siblings of jesus would have looked up to him.
james together as children. >> joseph sent james into the forest to gather sticks. jesus also went with him. >> the gospel continues: an abominable snake bit james on the hand, and as he lay dying, the boy jesus ran to james and did nothing but blow on the bite, and immediately the bite was healed. >> james is put there with jesus from the very beginning.
>> matthew 1:25 says literally, "joseph was not knowing her in the carnal sense until she gave birth to jesus." now, any normal reading of that sentence implies she went on to have more children after that, and his brothers and sisters are in fact his brothers and sisters. >> the bible tells us very little about the early life of jesus. >> the gospels really fast forward almost totally until he's 30 years old, and he's the son of god. what about all those missing years when he was a teenager playing around with his brothers, getting into trouble? >> written around 100 years after jesus' death, the infancy gospel of thomas is a collection of stories about his childhood. >> there is a peculiar story about james, and it's an interesting picture of jesus and
frankly, i didn't even know that jesus christ had brothers or sisters. >> golan immediately sends the ossuary to the geological survey of israel to help with its authentication. using high-power microscopes, they inspect the patina coating the box and the inscriptions. they conclude the lettering has not been made by modern tools. >> it's not the question of authentic. it's a question, if it belongs to james. >> intrigued about the probability of finding the names james, jesus and joseph in more than one family in first century jerusalem, golan asks renowned statistician camil fuchs to audit the names on the inscription. >> we have 168 inscribed ossuaries from that period in jerusalem. >> while the name joseph appears on 7 percent, jesus on 4 and james on 2 percent, fuchs