because the first census we did in 1996, we counted 320. and right now, we counted about a59 mountain gorillas. and since that was 2019 and since then, we have been recording some newborn babies, as you have seen today. it is a dramatic turnaround. there is more meaning and mutual understanding in exchanging a glance with a gorilla than any other animal i know. when sir david attenborough made his famous visit to a mountain gorilla family back in the 1970s, it was, in his words, "tinged with sadness." we see the world in the same way as they do. because he feared he might be seeing the last of their kind. poachers preyed on the mountain gorilla population. and the civil wars in rwanda and the democratic republic of the congo made conservation in those countries very difficult. so, how were the fortunes of the world's last mountain gorillas turned around and what can it tell us about conservation elsewhere? the first step was ensuring legal protections were in place. the bwindi impenetrable forest was made a national park in 1991. next, says the warden in charge, they needed to get the local people on side. the community is critical in conserving the gorillas. because, you know, these communities live next to the park. and so we feel that they should be part of the conservation. and they should get benefits from conservation. key among those benefits are the revenues from this, from tourism. tourists pay $600 each to visit a gorilla family. and before covid, uganda's gorillas were doing good business. 40,000 tourist visits a year. tourism really does help wild animals if it's done right. in uganda, it's an act of parliament that 20% of the park entry fee has to go to the local community. and park revenues are just the beginning, says dr gladys, as she's known. she was uganda wildlife authority's first—ever veterinary officer. now she runs a charity that works to protect the gorilla population by ensuring the human population is healthy and prosperous. she says tourism based around the jungle lodges that the tourists stay in has been crucial. when i first started out, there were only about five lodges. now there's as many as 70. the lodges have created jobs, the ngos have created jobs. and so there's lots of employment that has happened. but at the same time, people are also part of the tourism industry. you know, they can sell crafts, they can sell accommodation, meals, and they can also sell community walks. and so all of that makes a big difference. a key challenge was persuading these men. to stop poaching animals from the park. they were made an offer. it was hard to refuse, says dr samson warwick, who works with the uk charity the gorilla organisation. they had to hand over their hunting spears, their machetes, their traps. "we have told you, this is the last chance. "if we arrest you in the park, you go to jail. "if you give up the hunt, the hunting job, "if you give up your tools, you come out and give up your tools and you never go back, you have a good spare, a very good future for yourself." some poachers were offered jobs as rangers protecting the park. others were offered land and training to grow crops. and the approach has worked, say the reformed poachers in this group. we are currently the ambassadors of the park. because we are helping a lot into conservation over the park. we monitor and give reports monthly _ so what would happen if you hear that somebody in the community is going into the forest? we inform the park officials to go and arrest any illegal activity. bwindi impenetrable forest is one of the most biodiverse places on earth, and because protecting the gorillas means protecting the forest, all the other species that live here are protected too. uganda's conservation success is a source of huge national pride. she has a mission to do something very good, which is called a leader. the importance of protecting gorillas and other species is taught in schools throughout the country. these are gorillas. do you like them? at st peter's school, the children have created a dance show about mountain gorilla conservation. singing. they have performed it in schools across the country. the children are very clear why protecting the forest and its gorillas is so important. when we are singing, we try to teach our community to avoid poaching. we should protect gorillas by planting many trees in the environment. we should protect the forest because it brings fresh air. l but there is a problem. look how abruptly the tree cover ends. the farms and resorts now go right up to the forest boundary. bwindi national park covers more than 300 square kilometres. it sounds big, but it is a tiny fraction of the vastjungle that covered this area as recently as a few decades ago. and as the gorilla population grows... with this increase in the population, we're definitely seeing that gorilla families are more crowded. they're bumping into each other more, which, unfortunately, is often associated with aggression. the gorillas are running out of space, sometimes with terrible consequences. we're seeing higher rates of infanticide so infants can oftentimes be killed when these families come together. and so for the part of the park that we help monitor, we've actually seen the population growth rates slow down considerably. ecologists say if the gorillas are going to continue to thrive, the parks need to be bigger. so we would love to see this population grow. but the data are suggesting that in order to do so, there's really going to need to be more habitat available to them. this is another ugandan national park, queen elizabeth park. the un wants every country to set aside a third of their land and sea for conservation. but when un delegates met in geneva in march, there was deadlock. you went with 21 things you hope to agree and as i understand it, none of them were agreed. yes, none of them was agreed, but all of them, we have many options within them. all of them. the developing world says it needs more than just tourist revenue to support a conservation effort on this scale. it has demanded $100 billion a year from the rich world. ms marama is confident compromises will be found. she says all the delegates understand how high the stakes are, notjust for humanity, but for all the world species. we have been told by scientists we only have this century. and we only have one planet. there's no planet b. mountain gorillas show we can save species from the brink of extinction. the question now is whether the world is ready to commit the money and resources to protect the world's biodiversity on a much bigger scale. hello, a blustery day with scattered showers in the west, dry and brighterfurther showers in the west, dry and brighter further east. showers in the west, dry and brighterfurther east. for showers in the west, dry and brighter further east. for sunday we will see oh pics of showery rain move into western scotland, i won't start for west and wales, the weather front front approaching the west of england, scattered showers here and fog northern ireland, very windy for irish sea coasts, gusts of up windy for irish sea coasts, gusts of up to 50 mph. the best of a dry weather in east anglia where we could see high of 22 a 23 celsius. it remains windy on monday, still a brisk southerly wind blowing. showers move a little further east, but this will still be sunny spells, it's drier and brighterfor much of wales, western scotland and northern ireland by clouding towards the end of the day with another weather front approaching, temperatures ranging between 19 and 21 celsius. this is bbc news — i'm annita mcveigh — the headlines at 7pm: borisjohnson defies conservative critics of his leadership by insisting there'll be no psychological transformation of his character in the wake of two by—election defeats. if you're saying you want... you want me to undergo some sort of psychological transformation, you know, i think that...our listeners would know that's... that is not going to happen. abortion clinics start to close in the us after a supreme court ruling removed american women's constitutional right to abortion. norway cancels this year's oslo pride parade, after a deadly shooting at a gay nightclub, which police are treating as an act of "islamist terrorism". ukrainian authorities say russia has taken control of the city of severodonetsk after weeks of fierce fighting. it's the most significant city to have fallen into russian hands since mariupol.
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