i wanted him to read part of it. he liked it. there are mainly positive things about walter cronkite in the book. he was willing to accept a lot of the criticism that came out. i felt good about it. his daughter lives in austin, texas where i live a. she could not have been more generous giving the interviews when you are a biographer, it is a real plus. they took on a full life and times of the father. >> he talked to a lot of people in the media business. was this exclusive to you? >> yes. >> he was always open for business. he never grew bitter or unapproachable. he got up every morning knowing who he was. dan rather will cut try to decide who he would be that day. rather did not have a clue. >> tom brokaw and walter cronkite formed a great relationship. we think of the two tv anchor people, brokaw and cronkite very some ominous. cronkite knew you had to have sharp elbows. he worked very hard. he was always authentic to his midwestern roots. to is from missouri in grew up in taxes. he kept his clock in central time. it is a different animal altogether. cronkite was a little more like tom brokaw. >> "dan rather was the second most quoted in terms of meetings. why did he talk to you so much? >> he was helpful because cronkite did not like him. he knew that cronkite did not like him. dan laid down a lot of interesting tracks for me. both have stories for disdain. it all stems back to edward r. murrow. he saw him as the last of the murrow boys. cronkite regretted stepping down as the cbs anger man and turning it over to rather. the rather regime when cold shoulder to cronkite. there is not a warm way of keeping him on. cronkite floundered. he had a show called "universe" that not many people remember about science and oceanography. it was a good show but did not get ratings. cronkite was griping about rather. rather did not do anything to extend a role. cronkite became an old man in a way. it festered. there are many reasons why that relationship never worked. cronkite admired rather's journalism during the kennedy assassination. he knew what a good investigative reporter was, but he did not think he had the right personality to go into the public every day like he did. >> with tom brokaw, he said he never grew better. then i read one line you wrote when talking about the gulf war. he turned bitter. there are other references to how bitter he was about dan rather. why the difference between mr. brokaw? >> tom is a friend of walter cronkite. different generations. both incidently, brokaw and cronkite, really looked up to the soldiers of world war ii and troops in general. tom brokaw knows the social walter cronkite very well. they would go out to eat and the kentucky derby once. meredith model tie you survive with a husband traveling all the time. he knew the funny walter cronkite. there is the new regime. he thought he would be able to hang around cbs in the 1980's and 1990's and they did not have a role for him. brokaw said he waalways had to e the top dog. he is very darwinian. that comes across in my research. with walter cronkite, people only see him as the friendly man, which she was, but there is another side of them that wanted to be the best. he was obsessed with ratings. he is a fierce competitor that i have written about, and that includes presidents and generals. his desire to be the best was very pronounced. >> you talked to a nixon aide chuck colson. >> to is very nice use a very repentant pro-nixon person. he was embarrassed when i read to him transcripts of white house tapes about walter cronkite. he was the pit bull of richard nixon. colson was on to the idea that they had to bring down the power of the big three. they liked cronkite. nixon personally liked walter cronkite personally. it really spoke for the entire state. if you can get walter cronkite, it was the liberal media. it became quite a square off between cronkite and the nixon administration, particularly chuck colson. as i quote in the book, he was interested in birding cronkite down. >> here's a piece of video from a 1997 video with cronkite. >> in the middle of an explanation, what was coming down from the floor when a producer would come in and say go to mike wallace. he has the delegation. the carolina delegation did not have anything to do with that story at the moment. he made a very good story but it did not fit with the flow of what we were doing. i was saying "later, later." as a consequence, it the poor guys on the floor was some senator would not able to hold onto a very long. did they think they have a really hot story. i am trying to keep the flow going. i was considered a lynns hog. >> he was. he light camera time. he became known as an amazing reporter covering the war in world war ii. was it the nuremberg trials? he was in moscow. he eventually came to 1950 in washington d.c.. he did not get the gate to go to korea. that is where you made your name purity was shot in a closet or the camera -- that is where you made your name. he was shoved in a closet on camera. he started breaking through in a new medium of television. people not remember what he said. they would recognize you. we loved seeing you. you could have been on a game show or the morning show or the nightly news. the intellectual substance went away when people recognize you as a visual. cronkite recognized that and always claimed the air time. that was the top dog. sometimes he would filibuster the routes -- the routes live events. he also learned to be quiet. if you watched him during the space events, he paused. he also had a theatrical sense. he would say "golly gee" or something as serious person would see. he started talking to what he thought the hearts and minds of the american people, the average american, was thinking. he kept at a great bond with people. even when you ran that clip, his voice is very soothing. he made a bit of a self- deprecating joke. he met did his own flaw, that he was en aan air hog. it was hard to find people that did not personally like him. >> here is a clip. >> when my contract was up, i had an offer to go elsewhere and talk about it to my superior. they asked me if you would be one of the two successors to walter cronkite. they ask me if i was prepared to double angechor. you bet. their vision thought the succession to walter cronkite might be dan rather and roger mudd in washington. i was told a day or two after that that they had talked to roger about it and he had declined to do that. not with any hostility but he just said no. it was said to me that his belief was he was entitled to be the successor and expected to be the successor and wanted to do it alone. >> what did you learn from roger mudd? >> the question was who was one to replace walter cronkite in 1981. he was beloved. back then, it was retirement age at 65. krupp had decided to go out at the top of his -- walter cronkite decided to go out at the top of his game. he wanted to enjoy life. there was a big fight going on. do you pick roger mudd or dan rather? cronkite's sided with picking rather because of this foreign experience. he believes in the foreign correspondents. roger mudd had a family and did not go to vietnam. he rejected serving in vietnam as a reporter. he made his name doing largely civil-rights and capital washington reports. cronkite said he regretted it later. i write movingly after talking to roger mudd about mudd and cronkite's up and down relationship. the head honcho at cbs, after cronkite did a lack luster performance in san francisco, pulled cronkite from doing the atlantic city democratic convention of lyndon b. johnson. duo to compete with brinkley. cronkite thought mudd was tried to take his spot. their relationship had a lot of ups and downs. it was very moving at the end of their lives. the was working at history channel. his hearing was failing. at the end, cronkite almost cheerfully said you are a good man. -- tearfully said "you are a good man." the heels of that relationship. hey healed that relationship. >> he was born and raised in missouri. it was the hub of the pony express. his father was a dentist. he came from a family of dentists, german and dutch ancestry. in his early years, 1916-1927, he worked in the trolley system. it becomes a hallmark of his life. he is obsess with transportation. it is one of his many interests. why he is a reporter is his curiosity about how things work. he sold "liberty" magazine. they loaded up in the car in 1927 and they moved to houston to the montrose neighborhood. in 1927, texas was a dust bowl. houston because of the port and no banks closed their. it was a pretty good move by the cronkites. it was a jim crow city. they encountered a lot of racism. his father is into practice did not work out. he was at a dental college. he had some personnel problems. his father started drinking heavily. eventually they got a divorce. walter is the only child raised by his mother in houston. his father moved back to missouri. cronkite at an early interest in journalism and high school. they started have in journalism classes. today that does shot people. in the 1930's, it was unusual. cronkite started competing. it was all about the five "w"s of journalism, who, what, when, where, and why. he wrote for school newspapers. due to a girlfriend staying in houston, he enrolled in the university of texas at austin. he got deeply involved with the school paper. he wanted to be an engineer for a while, hoping he could get rich. he realized he had no acumen for serious engineering work so he drifted into journalism because it paid. he got jobs working with the wire services and famously later the u.p. he began his journalism in earnest back in kansas city, missouri. in texas, all his papers are at ut and he claimed it as a lot certification even though he was a drop out. -- as is all marcher even though he was a job well. he started doing u.p. stories in the mid 1930's. they would have him go around. he helped open a station and all passed so. he did sports announcing. he was just like reagan in the cubs. perhaps do ad lib. a lot of odd work. texas, he got tex national notoriety becaosuse over 230 students were blown up in a tragedy. he is all the charred bodies of children. he ran to a pay phone and call in to cbs radio and got his voice heard for the first time. he tried other jobs. he even worked for an airline for a while. he got drawn back to u.p. after getting all these clippings, he goes to new york after world war one begins. color blind to it could not go into the military. he could not fly planes. he tried to. east have uniform he would wear. he was put on assignment in europe. he embedded with the eighth air force with our bomber pilots that would do the missions. he goes from that and works as cbs after the war in stays with cbs all the way up until his death. he was getting some sort of check from cbs. >> when i read tim brokaw he is not bitter, you wrote cronkite exaggerated his pacifism to emphasize is quicker like a burst into war. now he hopes to join the army air corps. those are two different messages. >> the army air corps had no guns. there were not allowed to carry a weapon. he was openhanded. he could go into enemy territory and never carry a weapon. however, he was in an airplane on a bombing mission over germany and had to take over the gun and fire it around. cronkite is not someone you'd ever glamorizes world war ii hero wickes. he would often say i was a coward. his love of liberation, he understood the dutch people were starving. he was never somebody who glamorized war or thought he was going to be and ernie pyle. his best friends developed during this time, andy rooney. they worked together for a long time. rooney was acerbic. walter was always very humorous and generous with people. they were completely different. >> worded your id to do this book start? -- where did your idea to get this book start? >> always what to the vietnam war on television. we were a cronkite family. there is a picture of me anchoring in six grade rhymes say my favorite person as walter cronkite i was at a book festival. i had to drive from new orleans to that region. i had read this book "the powers that be." he is what my favorite writers of history. i liked what he did. he's a hero to me. he mentioned that the most influential was walter cronkite. i never thought of that. edward r. murrow was considered in radioed the best. i realize the television had taken over. then i checked with my agent in new york. bige's no one doing a cronkite book. all of his papers had just been donated to the university of texas at the president obama center. he was a great depression pack rat. he saved everything. it is a great archive for me. i go around and i talked to people. i remember the kennedy assassination. did they were in dallas. or this. we were consumers of watching walter cronkite telling us about the assassination. in the cold war, he was our eye witness to hugh his history. it was interesting how people got their information when peop, there are many places that only got one network, like cbs. people grow up with walter cronkite. he was sustainable because people did not get tired of him. you pay your ticket. you see one movie. you go home. you might catch a movie a year later. walter cronkite was every day. you had to be comfortable. his cadence and ability, he did not irritate people. he would talk clearly to people and decisively. in the 1960's and 1970's will people lost trust with government and they were angry with nixon and johnson, there is a lot of chaos. cronkite.sted, >> most of your interviews were in 2011. you had been as late as march of this year. what was the total amount of time spent on the book that's how were you able to keep it open? >> i have my ways with harpercollins. it is easier should print a book now than ever before. when i get into a book and my curiosity goes, i was trying to get interviews with a lot of big people. they have a busy schedules. others i had to keep peppering. >> to? >> i got to talk to everyone i went after. i never got to diane sawyer. barbara walters and ted turner i interviewed. john glenn, and he is the gold standard as far as i'm concerned. he did see i spent a lot of time talking to people collecting stories. my challenge was to keep it pared down. everyone had a couple of great, cronkite stories. he had a long career. he lived in two is 90's. he knew everybody. he was with all president's. he was an usher at the democratic and republican conventions of 28. he defied convention coverage. he was the political maestro. there were so many people to talk to. i got it just in the nick of time. there were others that have died since i started interviewing. they're all in their 80s and 90s. getting to people like jimmy buffett or mickey hart you were great friends, i really wanted to get in an interview as many people as i could of families and friends and adversaries. >> when did he die? >> 2009. >> when you began your book tour, the first review is saul, i am going to read the headline and first paragraph. >> he densest halo. an unconscionable shading of a story. how much has changed in america's new story. this is by a man named howard kurtz. let me read the first paragraph. unbeknownst to the billions to tune and religiously to the cbs news, walter cronkite cut a deal with pan am to fly his family to vacation spots around the world. what did you think of the headline in the first paragraph? >> when people call your book masterful, use a thank you howard kurtz. what he did was tell you how the new standards change. cronkite to pretty much do what he wanted. it was a boy's club. it was difficult to break it up. when he was in world war ii, it was all about the propaganda machine, we're going to win the war together. cronkite was slow to change to that. he stayed with what ever the boys' club was. he was friends with pan am and the top executive. i deserve a little r and r. it was a mistake. all the points he mentioned are in the book. i consider them our mistakes. i am trying to write a real biography. i think the line was what he had a halo. how many people in life had a low? when you do a full biography, may you will see the high and lows. cronkite was not meanspirited. he indoors as a great journalist. as a greato journalist. look at john f. kennedy. could he have done things he did in his personal life and? it was blurred a little more. you had a little group of people controlling washington. it was not the internet era. >> i came to realize that the man that once dominated television was more complicated and occasionally more on ethical and the legend that surrounds them. >> i would not use the word " unethical" but he was a child of the left. he was a fan of progressive democrats. he camouflage that because there are many people in the depression. he was always worried about losing his job. he tried to be centered. he liked getting mail from both the right and left. he was able to stay so long as mr. center. as i write about, and he always had a bit of a liberal agenda. they came there in different ways, not necessarily in headline news. in 1962 when the cbs news went from 15 minutes to 30 minutes, the back end of cbs news started covering civil rights. you can look at it and see the revolution, the great society, a kennedy. it was given play on the evening news. cronkite was not just the ange anchor, he was the managing editor. he knew how to manage all the reporters. he always back to deep, investigative journalism. that was his forte. people at cbs was tilted to be toward [unintelligible] >> here is your quote. the horror of nixon's continuation of the war tries cronkite to be a left-leaning editorialize ther. how did he get away with such an over the top commentatory. i must contact that to chat colson. -- chuck colson. they went after cbs. >> cronkite did cbs radio. they forget that because his nightly news was such a ritual. he also did radio reports. the cbs radio, the script writing -- the reports were much more left tilting. one thing they noticed was that cronkite had a mr. center feel, but if you listen to him in the afternoon, his radio reports, johnson listened oto cronkite and he said that they would see that cronkite was on their side. colson honed in on that. he was not a fool but he cannot sell that to the american people. if they did not want to hear about it. he gave them the news. they did not feel like picking on him. he cannot get traction, and the nixon white house, when they were aiming at cronkite. cronkite would give a speech on the defender against the nixon white house. of the reporters would cheer -- all the reporters would cheer. cronkite would work with the french reporters all the time -- print reporters all the time in the wire service guys. all the other reporters like walter cronkite. he almost became a saint. >> in 2009, here is frank mankiewicz. >> he had come back from vietnam. he immediately called me and ask to see robert kennedy. the two of them met. he began by saying you have to run for president. the war is going to end. he said how unlivable it was. we have to give this back at night. the vietnamese may not like it but they will like us less. kennedy said i will run for president if you run for the senate in new york. cronkite labs. i do not live in new york. i live in connecticut. i am not a democrat. i am an independent. i knew he had those feelings about the war. [end video clip] >> what would happen the marker rubio win and said you had to run? >> he would not survive because of the block this year. he would be seen as as a partisan figure. that happen because vietnam tore our country apart in a way afghanistan is not. cronkite was very much pro war. he thought it was a piece that he did about our marines. walter would not change. he said that our troops could do no wrong. he toward vietnam. h